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141.
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A two-dimensional, dynamic bioengineering model of the lower limbs was developed in order to estimate muscle and joint forces present during running at 4.5 m s-1. Data were collected from four subjects using a force platform and cine film. Individual X-rays and anthropometric data from the lower limbs were utilized to produce accurate bone models of the subjects' legs. Electromyographic verification of the model was undertaken while a runner was undergoing treadmill running at 4.5 m s-1. Results indicate that peak muscle forces of 22 times subject body weight (22 BW) could be present in the quadriceps muscle group and 7 BW in the gastrocnemius. The anterior shin muscles were found to be active for the first 9% of stance phase only, and compressive loads of 33 BW were found in the knee joint. The relationship between these high forces in the lower limbs and running related injuries is discussed.  相似文献   
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This article reports the findings of a case study on the influence that the computer-assisted teaching of a foreign language has on the reading skill of elementary school pupils. In fact, it has been investigated the degree to which abilities inferred from the reading process are improved by delivering a typical introductory course of the French language to a Greek speaking target group, based on the use of the generic functions that most of the computer-assisted instructional tools provide. The study was focused on the abilities of perception, information retrieval and concentration and was conducted over a period of three years. It was based on the design and execution of pupil assessment tests on a control and an experimental group per year. At each year, the control group was taught the subject in the traditional textbook-based approach and the experimental group by a computer-assisted approach. The presentation of the textbook teaching material was enhanced with features that only the use of the generic functions of a computer-assisted teaching could offer. An extensive statistical evaluation of the results has disclosed that the use of the computer had definitely a positive influence on the abilities of perception and information retrieval.  相似文献   
146.
Latinos have become the largest minority group in American postsecondary education, a majority of whom attend two- or four-year Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs). However, little is known about labor market outcomes as result of attending these institutions. Using a unique student-level administrative database in Texas, and accounting for college selectivity, we examine whether attending an HSI influences labor market outcomes ten years after high school graduation for Latino students in Texas. We find no difference in the earnings of Hispanic graduates from HSIs and non-HSIs. This analysis represents one of the first to examine the labor market outcomes for Latino students in this sector of education accounting for critical factors that include a student’s high school and community context.  相似文献   
147.
Tacit Knowledge and Public Accounts   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
  相似文献   
148.
Care in teaching has been widely investigated; however, little research has sought secondary pre-service teachers’ understandings of caring and their potential responsibility to care for students. Accordingly, semi-structured interviews were employed with four focus groups, involving 12 (2 male and 10 female) participants. Data were analysed within a qualitative paradigm using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and inter-rater reliability. Five overlapping themes were identified, and although many tensions around the ambiguities of establishing appropriate boundaries to care were shown, caring was deemed central by the participants to being effective teachers. Overall, pre-service secondary teachers agreed that neither pedagogy nor discipline strategy would be effective without care. Training implications and suggestions for future research conclude this paper.  相似文献   
149.
Hornik and Woolf (1999) proposed using cross-sectional survey data to prioritize beliefs to address with communication campaign messages. The empirical component of the approach combines evidence of (1) association of beliefs with intentions and (2) current level of beliefs to calculate a “percentage to gain” as the potential promise of a belief. However, the method relies on cross-sectional data; its conclusions are open to challenge. Here, a panel study assesses whether the calculated promise of a belief actually predicts future behavior change. A nationally representative sample of 3,204 U.S. youth and young adults were interviewed twice, six months apart. Sixteen beliefs about the benefits and costs of smoking cigarettes are compared with regard to their percentage to gain (calculated from cross-sectional data) and their ability to account for subsequent cigarette use. A belief’s cross-sectional percentage to gain is substantially associated with its ability to predict subsequent behavior change (= .53, < .05).  相似文献   
150.
高校排名   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
介绍全球各主要媒体和学术机构的排行榜,收集归纳各方面对排行榜的反应和评论,分析排行榜对各方面的作用和影响。着重剖析各排行榜所存在的问题,以及由于排行榜引发的各校之间的不健康竞争等。并列举各种原因,说明为什么各个质量保证机构一般都不做排行榜。同时,也指出公众对质量保证机构及其工作非常陌生,质量论证对公众的作用极小。而排行榜却以通俗的形式容易为公众所接受。如果大学的质量靠排行榜设置的标准来评判其好坏,并力求符合这些标准的话,那么,这样发展下去,我们究竟是离开优质教育更近了,还是更远了呢?  相似文献   
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