Putting the mangle to the test     

Stephen?HealyEmail author 《Metascience》2011,20(3):525-528

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This is what I’m doing and why: Methodological reflections on a naturalistic think-aloud study of interactive information behaviour     

Stephann Makri  Ann BlandfordAnna L. Cox 《Information processing & management》2011

Many user-centred studies of electronic information resources include a think-aloud element – where users are asked to verbalise their thoughts, interface actions and sometimes their feelings whilst using these resources to help them complete one or more information tasks. These studies are usually conducted with the purpose of identifying usability issues related to the resource(s) used or understanding aspects of users’ information behaviour. However, few of these studies present detailed accounts of how their think-aloud data was collected and analysed or provide detailed reflection on methodological decisions made. In this article, we discuss and reflect on the methodology used when planning and conducting a think-aloud study of lawyers’ interactive information behaviour. Our discussion is framed by Blandford et al.’s PRET A Rapporter (‘ready to report’) framework – a framework that can be used to plan, conduct and describe user-centred studies of electronic information resource use from an information work perspective.  相似文献   

Creating advantage in peripheral regions: The role of publicly funded R&D centres     

Nola Hewitt-Dundas  Stephen Roper 《Research Policy》2011,40(6):832-841

Regional investment in R&D, technological development and innovation is perceived as being strongly associated with productivity, growth and sustained international competitiveness. One policy instrument by which policy makers have attempted to create regional advantage has been the establishment of publicly funded research centres (PRCs). In this paper we develop a logic model for this type of regional intervention and examine the outputs and longer-term outcomes from a group of (18) publicly funded R&D centres. Our results suggest some positive regional impacts but also identify significant differences in terms of innovation, additionality and sustainability between university-based and company-based PRCs. University-based PRCs have higher levels of short-term additionality, demonstrate higher levels of organisational innovation but prove less sustainable. Company-based PRCs demonstrate more partial additionality in the short-term but ultimately prove more sustainable.  相似文献   

Growing where you are planted: Exogenous firms and the seeding of Silicon Valley     

Stephen B. Adams 《Research Policy》2011,40(3):368-379

What are the respective roles of indigenous and exogenous factors in the development of high-tech regions? Entrepreneurs and their start-ups have dominated Silicon Valley's economy in recent decades, but a different dynamic was at work from 1940 to 1965, when the Valley emerged as a formidable high-tech region. In key industries (electronics, semiconductors, computers, and aerospace) that defined Silicon Valley as a high-tech cluster during that period, companies based elsewhere played critical roles in planting the organizations that would - through the innovations they made, the technical talent they attracted, and the start-ups they spun off - help make the Valley the world's most admired and emulated high-tech region.  相似文献   

Influencing citizen behavior: Experiences from multichannel marketing pilot projects     

Lidwien van de WijngaertAuthor Vitae  Willem PietersonAuthor Vitae  Marije L. TeerlingAuthor Vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(5):415-419

Information technology allows national and local governments to satisfy the needs of citizens in a cost effective way. Unfortunately, citizens still tend to prefer traditional, more costly channels, such as the front desk, phone and mail. Through pilot projects government agencies attempt to influence this behavior of citizens, directing them towards the online channel. With this paper we provide insight into the possibility to influence citizens’ behavior in the complex landscape of multi-channel service provision. The paper systematically compares five pilot projects using a framework that is based on organizational and marketing literature. The results show that socio-psychological factors are crucial in multi-channel management, much more than the technology itself. We conclude that citizens can be directed towards the online channel. However, not all projects are successful. Economic and legal instruments tend to sort more direct effects than communication or service instruments. Moreover, organizational factors such as bureaucracy often hinder eventual success. Choosing a smart and relatively small scope and strong project manager may help to evoke success in directing citizen online behavior.  相似文献   

A validated search assessment tool: assessing practice-based learning and improvement in a residency program     

Gurpreet K Rana  Doreen R Bradley  Stanley J Hamstra  Paula T Ross  Robert E Schumacher  John G Frohna  Hilary M Haftel  Monica L Lypson 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2011,99(1):77-81

Objective:

The objective of this study was to validate an assessment instrument for MEDLINE search strategies at an academic medical center.

Method:

Two approaches were used to investigate if the search assessment tool could capture performance differences in search strategy construction. First, data from an evaluation of MEDLINE searches from a pediatric resident''s longitudinal assessment were investigated. Second, a cross-section of search strategies from residents in one incoming class was compared with strategies of residents graduating a year later. MEDLINE search strategies formulated by faculty who had been identified as having search expertise were used as a gold standard comparison. Participants were presented with a clinical scenario and asked to identify the search question and conduct a MEDLINE search. Two librarians rated the blinded search strategies.

Results:

Search strategy scores were significantly higher for residents who received training than the comparison group with no training. There was no significant difference in search strategy scores between senior residents who received training and faculty experts.

Conclusion:

The results provide evidence for the validity of the instrument to evaluate MEDLINE search strategies. This assessment tool can measure improvements in information-seeking skills and provide data to fulfill Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competencies.

Highlights

• The University of Michigan MEDLINE Search Assessment tool can be used to assess search skills in residency education.
• Five elements were identified as critical elements in the development of an effective MEDLINE search strategy: inclusion of all search concepts, appropriate use of Medical Subject Headings, appropriate use of search limits, successful combination of all concepts, and search efficiency.

Implications

• This validated assessment tool can serve as an effective means to measure improvements in residents'' information-seeking skills and provide data to fulfill Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competencies.

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Upward evaluation at the Arizona Health Sciences Library     

Carol L Howe  Patricia A Auflick  Gary Freiburger 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2011,99(1):91-94

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刍议EVA指导下采购管理中的增值环节     

谢超强  吕文元 《科技与管理》2011,13(2):112-115

旨在探索一种新的采购管理模式,帮助企业降低采购成本,提高采购效率。通过构建以EVA为指导的采购流程,重点讨论与采购人员、供应商相关的核心环节,提出了完善采购人员管理体系、健全供应商管理机制等方面的策略,以实现“采购使企业增值”的目的。  相似文献   

我国高校“去行政化”分析与对策     

吕婧 《科技与管理》2011,13(2):128-130

我国高校的行政化管理模式由来已久,随着现代高等教育体制与教学制度的不断完善,高校行政化收到了越来越多的非议,并逐步演变成为教育体制改革的焦点。通过对高校“行政化”弊端的分析,认真反思如何使高效发展走出“行政化”制约,如何归还高校办学的独立自主权利。由此可见,废除高校行政级别、剥离教育部对高校的管理和评价权、排除行政干预对学术活动带来影响等呼声日益高涨,逐步演变成为“去行政化”改革的重要手段。  相似文献   

Graduate and postgraduate state university education of laboratory specialists in Hungary: medical doctors, pharmacists and laboratory analysts     

Kovács GL  Ludány A  Koszegi T  Liszt F  Kellermayer M 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2011,21(1):22-29

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