Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Recent advancement of Raman spectroscopy     

Ujjal Kumar Sur 《Resonance》2010,15(2):154-164

In Raman spectroscopy, inelastic scattering of photons from an atomor molecule in chemical entities is utilized to analyze the composition of solids, liquids and gases. However, the low cross-section limits its applications. The introduction of surface-enhancedRamanspectroscopy in 1974has attracteda lot of attention fromresearchers due to the large enhancement of weak Raman signal,which facilitates identification in chemical and biological systems. Recently, single-molecule Raman scattering has enhanced the detection sensitivity limit of Raman Spectroscopy.  相似文献   

A Sneak Peek into 5G Communications     

Udit Narayana Kar  Debarshi Kumar Sanyal 《Resonance》2018,23(5):555-572

The world of mobile communications is poised for yet another disruptive transformation – the introduction of 5G. It will change the way mobile phones communicate. New technologies at the device level and novel network architectures to manage them will be soon seen everywhere. This article explores what 5G is all about. It also talks briefly about the preparations underway across the globe to deploy 5G by 2020.  相似文献   

Burning,Fluttering, and Extinguishing of a Candle Flame in a Tube     

Pratyush Agarwal  Navneet Kumar  Jaywant H Arakeri 《Resonance》2018,23(11):1273-1281

In this article, we report some experimental results on the behaviour of the flame of a candle kept at the bottom of a glass tube, which is open at the top and closed at the bottom. Thus, the supply of oxygen for the continuous burning of the flame is possible only from the top open end of the tube. We find that the candle burns steadily below a critical tube height. Above this height, the flame oscillates in size, and a further increase in tube height leads to the flame extinguishing quickly.  相似文献   

Neurochemical and Behavioral Dysfunctions in Pesticide Exposed Farm Workers: A Clinical Outcome     

Rajesh Kumar Kori  Manish Kumar Singh  Abhishek Kumar Jain  Rajesh Singh Yadav 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2018,33(4):372-381

The problem of pesticides is not new and its exposure to human due to indiscriminate use is largely associated with the health related problems including neurotoxicological alterations. High levels of pesticide residues and their metabolites in the dietary constituents, food materials, maternal blood, cord blood, placenta breast milk have been reported and linked to alterations in birth weight, crown heel length, head circumference, mid-arm circumference and ponderal index of the neonates. Epidemiological studies have suggested that exposure of pesticide to human could be a significant risk factor for neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Cholinergic and non-cholinergic dysfunctions in pesticide exposed population, especially in children have also been frequently reported in recent years. Developmental neurotoxicity is another concern in the area where pregnant are more prone towards its exposure and which results in the abnormalities in the fetus. In view of the increasing risk of human health through pesticide exposure, the present review has been focused on the studies pertaining to pesticide induced neurochemical alterations and associated behavioral abnormalities in farm workers which could establish a possible link between the its exposure and associated health hazards.  相似文献   

A Narrative Review of Potential Future Antidiabetic Drugs: Should We Expect More?     

Gaurav Chikara  Pramod Kumar Sharma  Pradeep Dwivedi  Jaykaran Charan  Sneha Ambwani  Surjit Singh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2018,33(2):121-131

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, is growing worldwide. The majority of the cases belong to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Globally, India ranks second in terms of diabetes prevalence among adults. Currently available classes of therapeutic agents are used alone or in combinations but seldom achieve treatment targets. Diverse pathophysiology and the need of therapeutic agents with more favourable pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamics profile make newer drug discoveries in the field of T2DM essential. A large number of molecules, some with novel mechanisms, are in pipeline. The essence of this review is to track and discuss these potential agents, based on their developmental stages, especially those in phase 3 or phase 2. Unique molecules are being developed for existing drug classes like insulins, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 analogues; and under newer classes like dual/pan PPAR agonists, dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitors, glimins, anti-inflammatory agents, glucokinase activators, G-protein coupled receptor agonists, hybrid peptide agonists, apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) inhibitors, glucagon receptor antagonists etc. The heterogeneous clinical presentation and therapeutic outcomes in phenotypically similar patients is a clue to think beyond the standard treatment strategy.  相似文献   

A coaches’ perspective on the contribution of anthropometry,physical performance,and motor coordination in racquet sports     

Kamasha Robertson  Johan Pion  Mireille Mostaert  Mohd Rozilee Wazir Norjali Wazir  Tamara Kramer  Irene Renate Faber 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(23):2706-2715

ABSTRACT

Differences and similarities between table tennis and other racquet sports exist, but are not well documented in the literature, in spite of the relevance for talent identification. In this study we aimed at identifying the key characteristics of table tennis in comparison with tennis and badminton based upon a survey in coaches. A total of 177 licensed coaches from all across the world and with diverse professional backgrounds completed a survey on anthropometric measures, physical performance, and motor coordination skills. On a scale from 1 to 10, coaches indicated to what extent a talent characteristic was important for their sport. MANOVA identified key differences as well as similarities between all three racquet sports and a subsequent discriminant analysis allocated coaches correctly for table tennis, tennis, and badminton 81.01%, 55.6%, and 71.4% respectively. Our results show that table tennis and other racquet sport coaches are well aware of differences between the racquet sports and also the importance and value of testing and assortment of skill components. These findings can assist coaches in future talent orientation and transfer in racquet sports.  相似文献   

A cloud computing adoption in Indian SMEs: Scale development and validation approach     

Pragati Priyadarshinee  Rakesh D. Raut  Manoj Kumar Jha  Sachin S. Kamble 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2017,28(2):221-245

The purpose of this research article is to identify the critical success criteria/factors that affect the cloud computing adoption and examine structure, reliability and validity of the criteria in the SMEs industry. This study considers nine types of criteria/factors with fifty-one sub-criteria, which have somewhat previously been used, and creates a ranking model that offers decision makers to measure the prior implementation of cloud computing adoption. A questionnaire-based survey research was used to collect data from 110 firms belonging to the SMEs industry in India. In this paper, the data collected was analysed by an integrated approach. Firstly, an Analytic Hierarchy Process approach was applied to find the significant fact of each criterion as the assessable indices of the cloud computing adoption. Secondly, an Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used to examine structure, reliability and validity of the criteria. The data was tabulated in a Microsoft Excel sheet and then imported in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20) for analysis. The findings discovered that ‘Security and Privacy’, ‘Organizational Risk’, ‘Sharing and Collaboration’, ‘Confidentiality’, and ‘Integrity’ have a major effect on the adoption of cloud computing. The research was conducted in the SMEs industry in India, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. The findings and recommendations offer cloud computing service providers as well as users with a better understanding of what affects the cloud computing adoption feature, with a relevant understanding of the current scenario. The research aided in the application of the new technology of cloud computing adoption in the SMEs industry in India through the use of a wide range of criteria. The findings also help organizations study their information technology investments when applying cloud computing.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Redesign of an Undergraduate Cell Biology Course          下载免费PDF全文

Laura April McEwen  dik Harris  Richard F. Schmid  Jackie Vogel  Tamara Western    Paul Harrison 《CBE life sciences education》2009,8(1):72-78

This article offers a case study of the evaluation of a redesigned and redeveloped laboratory-based cell biology course. The course was a compulsory element of the biology program, but the laboratory had become outdated and was inadequately equipped. With the support of a faculty-based teaching improvement project, the teaching team redesigned the course and re-equipped the laboratory, using a more learner-centered, constructivist approach. The focus of the article is on the project-supported evaluation of the redesign rather than the redesign per se. The evaluation involved aspects well beyond standard course assessments, including the gathering of self-reported data from the students concerning both the laboratory component and the technical skills associated with the course. The comparison of pre- and postdata gave valuable information to the teaching team on course design issues and skill acquisition. It is argued that the evaluation process was an effective use of the scarce resources of the teaching improvement project.  相似文献   

The effect of glycaemic index of high carbohydrate diets consumed over 5 days on exercise energy metabolism and running capacity in males     

Sareena Hamzah  Siobhan Higgins  Tamara Abraham  Paul Taylor  Daiva Vizbaraite 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1545-1554

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether rates of total fat and carbohydrate oxidation and endurance capacity during running conducted in the fasted state are influenced by the glycaemic index (GI) of high carbohydrate diets consumed over 5 days. Nine healthy males performed three treadmill runs to exhaustion at 65% of maximum oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O_2max): after a habitual diet (control trial), after 5 days on a high carbohydrate/high glycaemic index diet, and after 5 days on a high carbohydrate/low glycaemic index diet in randomized counterbalanced order. No significant differences in rates of fat and carbohydrate oxidation, concentrations of plasma insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol, or time to exhaustion were observed between the high carbohydrate/high glycaemic index and high carbohydrate/low glycaemic index trials. Compared with the control trial, the concentration of plasma glycerol and rate of fat oxidation were lower (P < 0.05) and the rate of carbohydrate oxidation higher (P < 0.05) in both the high carbohydrate/high glycaemic index diet and high carbohydrate/low glycaemic index trials during the run to exhaustion. In conclusion, the extent by which a high carbohydrate diet consumed over 5 days reduces rate of fat oxidation during subsequent running exercise in the fasted state is not influenced by the glycaemic index of the diet.  相似文献   

Robust sensor fault estimation scheme for satellite attitude control systems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jian Zhang  Akshya Kumar SwainSing Kiong Nguang 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2013

The present paper proposes two new schemes of sensor fault estimation for a class of nonlinear systems and investigates their performances by applying these to satellite control systems. Both of the schemes essentially transform the original system into two subsystems (subsystems 1 and 2), where subsystem-1 includes the effects of system uncertainties, but is free from sensor faults and subsystem-2 has sensor faults but without any uncertainties. Sensor faults in subsystem-2 are treated as actuator faults by using integral observer based approach. The effects of system uncertainties in subsystem-1 can be completely eliminated by a sliding mode observer (SMO). In the first scheme, the sensor faults present in subsystem-2 are estimated with arbitrary accuracy using a SMO. In the second scheme, the sensor faults are estimated by designing an adaptive observer (AO). The sufficient condition of stability of the proposed schemes has been derived and expressed as a linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization problem and the design parameters of the observers are determined by using LMI techniques. The effectiveness of the schemes in estimating sensor faults is illustrated by considering an example of a satellite control system. The results of the simulation demonstrate that the proposed schemes can successfully estimate sensor faults even in the presence of system uncertainties.  相似文献