Task switching in overweight children: effects of acute exercise and age     

Tomporowski PD  Davis CL  Lambourne K  Gregoski M  Tkacz J 《运动与训练心理学杂志》2008,30(5):497-511

The short-term after effects of a bout of moderate aerobic exercise were hypothesized to facilitate children's executive functioning as measured by a visual task-switching test. Sixty-nine children (mean age=9.2 years) who were overweight and inactive performed a category-decision task before and immediately following a 23-min bout of treadmill walking and, on another session, before and following a nonexercise period. The acute bout of physical activity did not influence the children's global switch cost scores or error rates. Age-related differences in global switch cost scores, but not error scores, were obtained. These results, in concert with several studies conducted with adults, fail to confirm that single bouts of moderately intense physical activity influence mental processes involved in task switching.  相似文献   

Mid-flight lateral trunk bending increased ipsilateral leg loading during landing: a center of mass analysis     

Taylour J. Hinshaw  Daniel J. Davis  Jacob S. Layer  Margaret A. Wilson  Qin Zhu 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(4):414-423

Increased lateral trunk bending to the injured side has been observed when ACL injuries occur. The purpose was to quantify the effect of mid-flight lateral trunk bending on center of mass (COM) positions and subsequent landing mechanics during a jump-landing task. Forty-one recreational athletes performed a jump-landing task with or without mid-flight lateral trunk bending. When the left and right trunk bending conditions were compared with the no trunk bending condition, participants moved the COM of the upper body to the bending direction, while the COM of the pelvis, ipsilateral leg, and contralateral leg moved away from the bending direction relative to the whole body COM. Participants demonstrated increased peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) and knee valgus and internal rotation angles at peak VGRF for the ipsilateral leg, but decreased peak VGRF and knee internal rotation angles at peak VGRF and increased knee varus angles at peak VGRF for the contralateral leg. Mid-flight lateral trunk resulted in an asymmetric landing pattern associated with increased ACL loading for the ipsilateral leg. The findings may help to understand altered trunk motion during ACL injury events and the discrepancy in ACL injuries related to limb dominance in badminton and volleyball.  相似文献   

A comparison of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children and the Stanford-Binet IV for the assessment of gifted children     

Davis C. Hayden  Michael J. Furlong  Susan Linnemeyer 《Psychology in the schools》1988,25(3):239-243

The K-ABC and the Stanford-Binet IV (abbreviated test battery) were administered in a counterbalanced order to 32 gifted third- and fourth-grade students. It was found that the Stanford-Binet IV produced scores that were an average of eight points higher than those on the K-ABC. The concurrent validity coefficient of .70 indicated a high degree of association between test performance on these two tests. When the diagnostic heuristic of +2 SDs is used to identify gifted children, 68.6% concordance was found between these tests. Eighty percent of the discordance involved cases in which the Binet IQ was above +2 SDs and the K-ABC was below +2 SDs. Implication for the assessment of gifted children is discussed.  相似文献   

Issues in Implementing a New Teacher Assessment System in a Large Urban School District: Results of a Qualitative Field Study     

Douglas R. Davis  Jonelle E. Pool  Michele Mits-Cash 《Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education》2000,14(4):285-306

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A computer adaptive measure of reading motivation     

Marcia H. Davis  Wenhao Wang  Neal M. Kingston  Michael Hock  Stephen M. Tonks  Gail Tiemann 《Journal of Research in Reading》2020,43(4):434-453

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Addressing violence against teachers: A social-ecological analysis of teachers' perspectives     

Susan D. McMahon  Eric Peist  Jacqueline O. Davis  Elizabeth McConnell  Samantha Reaves  Linda A. Reddy  Eric M. Anderman  Dorothy L. Espelage 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(7):1040-1056

Much research has been dedicated to supporting school communities in combating the problem of school violence. However, violence directed toward teachers is under-investigated, and knowledge of how to support teachers is limited. This qualitative study used conventional content analysis to assess teachers' recommendations for preventing and improving the response to teacher-directed violence. The sample included 245 prekindergarten through 12th grade teachers, all of whom experienced school violence and participated in a larger national survey study on violence against teachers. Using a social-ecological framework and conventional content analysis, teacher recommendations for addressing teacher victimization were identified and organized at the individual, school, community, and society levels. Themes around conflict resolution strategies; improving policies, resources, and relationships with administrators; increasing parental involvement; and changing culture and laws were highlighted. Implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed.  相似文献   

Basic Irony: Examining the Foundations of School Mathematics With Preservice Teachers     

Brent Davis 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》1999,2(1):25-48

This article reports on an inquiry into what tends to be taken for granted with regard to the teaching and learning of mathematics. The inquiry, undertaken in the context of a course on methods for mathematics teaching, was developed around an examination of the mathematical notions that infuse conventional theories of cognition and that permeate the structures and practices of school mathematics. In particular, concepts drawn from or aligned with Euclidean geometry were examined. Specifically, alternatives drawn from fractal geometry were explored. The importance of interrogating the often-transparent figurative underpinnings of our thinking about thinking is highlighted.  相似文献   

The description and analysis of conditioned suppression: A critique of the conventional suppression ratio     

Harry M. B. Hurwitz  Hank Davis 《Learning & behavior》1983,11(4):383-390

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Manpower planning,rate of return analysis,and the university medical schools: The case of Australia     

Denis J. Davis 《Higher Education》1977,6(3):301-311

In this paper, an examination is made of some of the errors in educational planning arising from manpower forecasts. Using the Australian doctors manpower plan, 1975–91 (Committee on Medical Schools, 1973) as an illustration, the writer shows the large variation in results that can occur through the substitution of alternatively feasible coefficients. Rate of return analysis is then used to examine the economic feasibility of the recommendations to expand the Australian medical schools, the conclusion being made that rate of return analysis is required for the economic decision making, the manpower forecasting only being a thechnological. guide for varying, the returns of income differentials of the investment to allow for any rigidities in the education system or the labour market.  相似文献   

Evaluation studies: Cost-benefit analysis in educational evaluation     

C. Carr  M. Castilhos  D. Davis  M. Synder  B. Stecher 《Studies in Educational Evaluation》1982,8(1):75-85

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