Index of mechanical efficiency in competitive and recreational long distance runners     

Jeffrey M. McBride  Judith A. Davis  Jessica R. Alley  Daniel P. Knorr  Courtney L. Goodman  James G. Snyder 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(13):1388-1395

The purpose of this investigation was to compare external work and net energy expenditure during a bout of repetitive stretch-shortening cycles between competitive and recreational long-distance runners. Participants were divided into either competitive or recreational runners based on their maximal oxygen consumption and self-reported 1600 m times. The stretch-shortening cycle involved a repetitive hopping protocol on a force plate while measuring oxygen consumption and lactate accumulation for a total of 10 min. External work and net energy expenditure were calculated for 3 min after steady state was achieved and the ratio between these variables was utilised as an index of mechanical efficiency. Lower extremity stiffness was calculated during this interval as well. Net energy expenditure was significantly lower in competitive runners (152.6 ± 33.3 kJ) in comparison to recreational runners (200.6 ± 41.4 kJ) (P = 0.02) given similar amounts of external work performed in both groups (competitive runners = 65.6 ± 20.1 kJ, recreational runners = 68.8 ± 12.1 kJ) (P = 0.67). Index of mechanical efficiency was significantly different between competitive runners (43.2 ± 9.0%) and recreational runners (34.8 ± 5.3%) (P = 0.03). No significant differences were found in lower extremity stiffness (P = 0.64). Competitive distance runners can perform similar levels of external work with lower net energy expenditure and thus a higher index of mechanical efficiency during repetitive stretch-shortening cycles in comparison to recreational runners with similar values of lower extremity stiffness. This ability could possibly be due differences in muscle–tendon length changes, muscle pre-activation, cross-bridge potentiation and short-latency reflex responses as a result of training which should be considered for future investigation.  相似文献   

“WE DON’T UNDERSTAND ENGLISH THAT IS WHY WE PREFER ENGLISH”: PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ PREFERENCE FOR THE LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION IN MATHEMATICS     

Ernest Kofi Davis  Alan J. Bishop  Wee Tiong Seah 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2015,13(3):583-604

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Teaching for Wisdom in an Intergenerational High-School-English Class     

Carey DeMichelis  Tanya Rozin  Bianca Stern 《Educational gerontology》2015,41(8):551-566

Although the psychological benefits of intergenerational learning environments have been well documented, no study has yet investigated wisdom as an outcome of intergenerational classroom engagement. In this study, Elders between the age 60–89 were recruited to participate in a high-school English classroom. We hypothesized that participating in an intergenerational high-school classroom would benefit both Elders and Students by fostering the conditions for both groups to develop greater psychological wisdom. Our findings indicate that both Elders and Students actively engaged the five dimensions of wisdom identified by Webster (2003 Webster, J. D. (2003). An exploratory analysis of a self-assessed wisdom scale. Journal of Adult Development, 10(1), 13–22.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 2007 Webster, J. D. (2007). Measuring the character strength of wisdom. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 65(2), 163–183.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) during their time in the intergenerational class. Further, we find that while Students and Elders both demonstrated aspects of wisdom, they understood the concept of wisdom in strikingly different ways.  相似文献   

Teachers' trust in AI-powered educational technology and a professional development program to improve it     

Tanya Nazaretsky  Moriah Ariely  Mutlu Cukurova  Giora Alexandron 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2022,53(4):914-931

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Higher education’s duty to defend democracy     

Davis  Avery M. D. 《Higher Education》2022,84(2):465-468

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Need for approval and antisocial behavior moderate the effect of socioemotional cues on adolescent girls’ cognitive control     

Haina H. Modi  Megan M. Davis  Wendy Troop Gordon  Eva H. Telzer  Karen D. Rudolph 《Child development》2023,94(2):529-543

To examine whether need for approval (NFA) and antisocial behavior (ASB) moderate the effects of socioemotional stimuli on cognitive control, 88 girls (M_age = 16.31 years; SD = 0.84; 65.9% White) completed a socioemotional Go/No-go and questionnaires. At high approach NFA, girls responded more slowly during appetitive than control (b = −8.80, p < .01) and aversive (b = −5.58, p = .01) trials. At high ASB, girls responded more slowly (b = −6.12, p = .02) and less accurately (OR = 1.11, p = .03) during appetitive than aversive trials; at low ASB, girls responded more slowly during aversive than control trials (b = −4.42, p = .04). Thus, both context and individual differences influence adolescents' cognitive control.  相似文献   

Disrupted Lessons in Engineering Robotics: Pivoting Knowledge Transfer From Physical to Virtual Learning Environments     

Chichekian  Tanya  Trudeau  Joel  Jawhar  Tawfiq 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2022,31(5):555-569

Journal of Science Education and Technology - This study examined the effects of an Arduino microrobot activity on college students’ interest in robotics through three specific objectives:...  相似文献   

Early Childhood Suspension and Expulsion: A Content Analysis of State Legislation     

Loomis  Alysse  Davis  Annie  Cruden  Gracelyn  Padilla  Christina  Drazen  Yonah 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2022,50(2):327-344

Early Childhood Education Journal - In recent decades, there has been considerable public interest and policy action regarding the issue of exclusionary discipline from early care and education...  相似文献   

Scholarly traditions and the role of the professoriate in uncertain times     

Tanya Fitzgerald 《Journal of educational administration and history》2014,46(2):207-219

Significant challenges confront many Westernised institutions of higher education. Financial pressures, the increasing commodification of higher education and the insistent demands of the global marketplace, have changed the configuration of academe. One of the immediate consequences has been that the role of the professoriate has altered through unrelenting pressure to serve the managerial interests of the university rather than the scholarly interests of the field. The new competitive realities of the corporatised university have inevitably and irrevocably changed the role of the contemporary professoriate. What is now required is a defence of the university as a public institution and the advancement of public intellectual inquiry. This is the fundamental challenge for the professoriate in the twenty-first-century university.  相似文献   

Engaging the Bible in GCSE and A level Religious Studies: environmental stewardship as a test case     

David G. Horrell  Anna Davis 《British Journal of Religious Education》2014,36(1):72-87

This article explores the potential for critical and informed engagement with biblical texts to form a key element of the study of Christian perspectives on ethical issues at GCSE and A level. Given the current dominance of philosophical and ethical topics, and weaknesses in the engagement with biblical texts within existing curriculum materials, the article appeals to recent developments in approaches to biblical scholarship, in particular a focus on the history of interpretation and influence, as a means by which the Bible may be fruitfully and critically engaged in modules focused on contemporary religious ethics. The article then presents the topic of environmental stewardship as a test case for the practical application of such a method, outlining two examples – the stewardship of creation (Genesis 1 and 2) and the future of the earth (2 Peter 3) – to demonstrate how a more sophisticated treatment of the Bible as part of ethical enquiry might be achieved.  相似文献