Anísio Teixeira (1900–71)     

Carlos Roberto Cury 《Prospects》2000,30(4):509-520

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The role of DNA diffusion in solid phase polymerase chain reaction with gel-immobilized primers in planar and capillary microarray format     

Alexei L. Drobyshev  Tatiana V. Nasedkina    Natalia V. Zakharova 《Biomicrofluidics》2009,3(4)

The solid phase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on a gel-based microarray system was studied under various durations of individual stages of the PCR cycle and spatial restriction of the reaction volume. Combining the experimental study with numerical modeling, we demonstrated that the diffusion of the PCR product in and out of a microarray element during the annealing and melting stages, respectively, is the main factor responsible for distinctive features of the studied type of PCR. The restriction of reaction volume leads to faster PCR signal growth. Particularly, the capillary array, whereby gel-based microarray elements are located on a glass bar inserted into capillary chamber, was found to be a suitable format for the development of the platform.  相似文献   

Gender and culture: Reported problems,coping strategies and selected helpers of male and female adolescents in 17 countries     

Gibson JT  Baker CE  Showalter SM  Al-sarraf Q  Atakan SA  Borgen WA  Guimaraes IR  Giusti-ortiz AL  Ishiyama FI  Robertson M 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1992,15(3):137-149

This is the second report of a multinational project undertaken in 1988 by the International Round Table for the Advancement of Counseling that sought, among other things, to compare and contrast the reported problems, coping strategies, and help-seeking behavior of 2129 male and 2307 female adolescents from a total of three different socioeconomic backgrounds in each of 16 countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, Greece, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan Kuwait, the Netherlands, the Philippines, China, Puerto Rico, Turkey, the US, and Venezuela) and from a "classless" background in Russia. The first report described the study and research methodology and cited preliminary findings that 1) problems and coping strategies tended to be universal and age-related; 2) impoverished subjects from Brazil, India, the Philippines, and Venezuela had more problems than any other adolescents; 3) problems were usually related to school, family, and identity rather than to sexuality; and 4) the most common coping strategy was individual problem-solving. This report compares male/female identification of up to three problems that cause worry, response to such problems, and help-seeking behavior. All adolescents cited problems in school, identity, and family. Males and females reported similar coping strategies and showed a strong dependence on individual coping strategies. Both males and females choose personal friends and family members as those most likely to help with problems. Males exhibited a higher percentage of problems related to school and a lower percentage of family problems. Russian adolescents reported more problems relating to altruism than any other group, especially males. These results imply that strong similarities exist for males and females, and the findings are worrisome in that problems related to sexuality were not cited. Counselors should expect the concerns of adolescents to be developmentally related and to overwhelm gender differences.  相似文献   

The 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Teachers     

Nicolas Mascret  Andrew J. Elliot  François Cury 《教育心理学》2017,37(3):346-361

Within the past decade, the achievement goal approach has begun to be used to study teacher achievement motivation. In recent research with students, a 3 × 2 model of achievement goals has been proffered that separates mastery-based goals in terms of a task/self distinction. The purpose of the present study was to extend this 3 × 2 model to teachers in order to provide important insights into teachers’ individual differences. We devised items for the questionnaire and showed that data obtained with the 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Teachers fit the 3 × 2 model (in absolute terms and relative to 10 alternative models) and that each goal of the model exhibited good internal consistency. In addition, we linked the 3 × 2 goals to other key constructs relevant to achievement goals, namely, implicit theories of ability, instructional practices and intrinsic interest.  相似文献   

A meta-study of athletic identity research in sport psychology: Current status and future directions     

Noora J. Ronkainen  Anna Kavoura  Tatiana V. Ryba 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2016,9(1):45-64

The aim of this meta-study is to provide a critical synthesis of qualitative research on athletic identity in sport psychology. A total of 108 empirical studies were identified, including 63 quantitative studies, 40 qualitative studies, and five mixed methods studies. Qualitative and mixed methods studies were reviewed with the meta-study method, which involves a meta-analysis in terms of theoretical perspectives, methodologies, and findings. In our discussion we focus on evaluating and critiquing the current status of qualitative research on athletic identity and outlining recommendations for improving methodological rigor. It is concluded that both quantitative and qualitative studies need to be more explicit about their philosophical underpinnings and better grounded in psychological identity theory.  相似文献   

Differential effects of several retrieval cues over time: Evidence for time-dependent reorganization of memory     

Pascale Gisquet-Verrier  Anne Dekeyne  Tatiana Alexinsky 《Learning & behavior》1989,17(4):394-408

The retention performance following partial training (15 trials) of a brightness-discrimination avoidance task has been shown to fluctuate over time, with a drop in performance 1 h after training (Kamin effect), a long-term spontaneous improvement (LTSI) after 3 days, and long-term spontaneous forgetting after 21 days. The purpose of this paper was to determine if these time-dependent modulations of retention performance reflect time-dependent modifications in the organization of the attributes that constitute the memory trace. We studied the relative effectiveness of several pretest cuings on retention performance when they were delivered just before a retention test occurring 1 h, 3 days, or 21 days following initial training. Some cuing treatments were related to a particular training event (conditioned or unconditioned stimulus, experimental context). Compound cuings, composed of two or more training events, were also studied to test a possible additive effect between retrieval cues. To demonstrate time-dependent modifications in the memory trace, a differential effectiveness over time was expected for at least some retrieval cues. The results show that cuing may compensate for performance deficits (1 h or 21 days), but does not further enhance performance when spontaneously improved (3 days). No detectable additive effects of retrieval cues were obtained. However, these results provide information that suggests a time-dependent effectiveness for some cuing treatments. In the last experiment, we investigated this possibility by studying the effects of each of these treatments when delivered after either a 1-h or a 21-day retention interval. The results confirm a time-dependent decrease in effectiveness of a pretest exposure to the CS and an increase in effectiveness over time of a pretest exposure to the experimental context or to a well-ordered sequence of events. Such differential retrievability of a partially learned episode according to both the nature of the cues and the length of the retention interval suggests a time-dependent reorganization of memory attributes.  相似文献   

Is sensitivity to rhyme a developmental precursor to sensitivity to phoneme?: Evidence from individuals with Down syndrome     

Cardoso-Martins  Cláudia  Michalick  Mirelle França  Pollo  Tatiana Cury 《Reading and writing》2002,15(5-6):439-454

This study investigated sensitivity to rhymeand phoneme among readers and nonreaders with Down syndrome (DS) and normally developingchildren. Three tasks were administered toevaluate sensitivity to rhyme and phoneme: arhyme detection task, an initial phonemedetection task, and a middle phoneme detectiontask. Results for the normally developingchildren replicated the results of previousstudies suggesting that the ability to detectrhyme is a developmental precursor of theability to detect phonemes. Although all taskswere very easy for the children who had alreadystarted to read, the nonreaders found the rhymedetection task significantly easier than eitherthe initial or the middle phoneme detectiontask. On the other hand, there was scarcelyany indication that the individuals with DSfound the rhyme detection task easier thaneither one of the phoneme detection tasks.While all tasks were very difficult for thenonreaders with DS, the DS individuals who hadalready started to read found the rhymedetection task significantly more difficultthan both the initial and the middle phonemedetection tasks.  相似文献   

What does better peer review look like? Underlying principles and recommendations for better practice     

Heidi Allen  Alexandra Cury  Thomas Gaston  Chris Graf  Hannah Wakley  Michael Willis 《Learned Publishing》2019,32(2):163-175

We conducted a literature review of best practice in peer review. Following this research, we identified five principles for better peer review: Content Integrity, Content Ethics, Fairness, Usefulness, and Timeliness. For each of these principles, we have developed a set of recommendations to improve peer review standards. In this article, we describe the role of peer review and how our five principles support that goal. This article is intended to continue the conversation about improving peer review standards and provide guidance to journal teams looking to improve their standards. It is accompanied by a detailed checklist, which could be used by journal teams to assess their current peer review standards.  相似文献   

Mothers,Bosses, and Superwomen: The Construction of Identities of Russian Woman Administrators in Higher Education     

Tatiana Suspitsina 《Higher Education in Europe》2000,25(2):207-212

This article, which examines the conflicting role perceptions of ranking women administrators in Russian higher education and research organizations, is constructed around in-depth interviews of nine administrators. In a male-dominated academic culture in a country in which transition is leading to a patriarchal agenda for returning women to their ''proper'' place in the home, high-level women academic administrators are confronted with a number of conflicting demands forcing them to adopt a ''phantasmic superwoman identity''.  相似文献   

Vospitanie and regime change: Teacher-education textbooks in Soviet and post-Soviet Ukraine     

Tatiana Bogachenko  Laura Perry 《Prospects》2015,45(4):549-562

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