Examining the Motivation of Health Profession Students to Study Human Anatomy     

Eiman M. Abdel Meguid  Claire F. Smith  Amanda J. Meyer 《Anatomical sciences education》2020,13(3):343-352

Students' motivation is a vital determinant of academic performance that is influenced by the learning environment. This study aimed to assess and analyze the motivation subscales between different cohorts (chiropractic, dental, medical) of anatomy students (n = 251) and to investigate if these subscales had an effect on the students' anatomy performance. A 31-item survey, the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire was utilized, covering items on intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientation, task value, control of learning belief, self-efficiency for learning and performance, and test anxiety. First-year dental students were significantly more anxious than chiropractic students. Second-year chiropractic students attached more value to anatomy education than second-year medical students. The outcome of this research demonstrated a significant relationship between first- and second-year chiropractic students between anatomy performance and motivation subscales controlling for gender such as self-efficacy for learning and performance was (β = 8, CI: 5.18–10.8, P < 0.001) and (β = 6.25, CI: 3.40–9.10, P < 0.001) for first year and second year, respectively. With regards to intrinsic goal orientation, it was (β = 4.02, CI: 1.19–6.86, P = 0.006) and (β = 5.38, CI: 2.32–8.44, P = 0.001) for first year and second year, respectively. For the control of learning beliefs, it was (β = 3.71, 95% CI: 0.18–7.25, P = 0.04) and (β = 3.07, CI: 0.03–6.12, P = 0.048) for first year and second year, respectively. Interventions aimed at improving these motivation subscales in students could boost their anatomy performance.  相似文献   

Globalisation des mondes de l’éducation : circulations,connexions, réfractions (XIXe–XXe siècles)     

Abdel Rahamane Baba-Moussa 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2017,63(6):935-937

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Counseling parents with a Down's Syndrome child     

Mousa Karayanni 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1989,12(2):153-164

This paper concentrates on the needs of parents with Down's Syndrome children in Arab society. Understanding the needs of these parents in this specific culture will give clearer guidelines to professionals of what and how to give the support.Two Arab families were chosen. This will enable us to deal in depth with the family dynamics and it will give a better focus on the cultural and social structure of the family.The paper will discuss the relevant features of the Arab population in Israel, its social, cultural and religious structure, what changes happen in this population and how they affect the parents when they come to deal with the developmentally disabled children.Following the presentation of two cases, the paper deals with the needs and coping system of parents toward their Down's Syndrome children.Finally, the study presents implications and suggestions to professionals to help parents of children with Down's Syndrome to function better and to extend maximum help to their children.This study was part of a wide survey done by Reiter, University of Haifa and Tirosh, the Haifa Municipality Hospital (Rothchild), 1987.  相似文献   

School counseling in Israel. Issues and developments     

Mousa Karayanni 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1985,8(4):297-307

This study investigated how Israeli teacher-counselors view their actual performance and what it is that teacher-counselors themselves feel should be their ideal roles. Counseling services were introduced into the educational system in Israel in 1960. Due to the fact that there was an urgent need to help students in their vocational plans and with their learning difficulties (Klingman and Ajzen, 1978), supervisors in The Ministry of Education suggested that teachers who have at least three years of teaching experience start a two year in-service training program in order to prepare them as specialists in helping pupils in the elementary schools plan for their future. A second objective was to help exceptional children with their learning problems. These goals caused the teacher with two years of special training to add a new role to his/her educational and teaching role. This dual role has been called ‘Teacher-counselor.’ In 1960, thirty four teacher-counselors started their work in different schools in Israel. Their major work was concentrated on disadvantaged children and with 7th and 8th graders helping them with their learning difficulties. To prevent overlapping with other helping professions and confusion concerning this new profession, a follow up study was conducted by Malinovski and Malinovski (1964) in order to define the role of the teacher-counselor. They have defined it to include eight activities which teacher-counselors were found to be involved with:

1. Help students adjust to school and community.
2. Help students reach self-understanding.
3. Provide information needed for vocational plans.
4. Help students understand their interests, values, and aptitudes.
5. Help students in human relationships.
6. To be a consultant for teachers and other professional workers.
7. Help parents in decision making concerning vocational plans for their children, and assist them in coping with behavioral problems.
8. Referral to special institutions when needed.

Since its origins in 1960, school counseling in Israel has been developed rapidly. This is reflected especially in the increasing number of teacher-counselors (43 teacher-counselors in 1964 to 800 teacher-counselors in 1976 and to 1366 teacher-counselors in 1981). Teacher-counselors now work not only in the Ministry of Education but also in the Ministry of Labor providing vocational services to teenagers who dropped out of school and who are encouraged to work and learn at the same time. As mentioned earlier, originally teacher-counselors were certified teachers who were selected after three years of experience in teaching and then they participated in a two-year program of in service training to become teacher-counselors. This state of affairs did remain for long. Soon after the introduction of the counseling services, universities responded to the newly created need and developed academic programs (for B.A. and then M.A. degrees) in counseling education. This evolution in training programs took place in the mid 1960's and brought a new sense of professionalism to the field of counseling. Until the mid seventies, universities limited admissions to counselor training to only those candidates who were already certified teachers with at least three years of experience. Currently, admission is not limited to teachers only but includes ‘fresh’ in-experienced students who can be admitted when they qualify on two criteria: Academic achievement and personality variables. The latter development has two significant meanings. First, the quality of students has become higher as they are selected from a larger population. Second, it is well known in Israel that for the teaching profession there exists what is called in Israel ‘negative selection: the less able go to teacher training seminaries to become teachers. Thus, by limiting admission to programs of training counselors only to graduates of these seminaries, the educational system's weaknesses were perpetuated. By widening the range of potential candidates not only has the quality of students and departments greatly improved, but also the educational system has gained much from these highly able counselors even though they are less experienced.  相似文献   

Using think-aloud protocols and interviews in investigating writers’ composing processes: combining concurrent and retrospective data     

Muhammad M. M. Abdel Latif 《International Journal of Research & Method in Education》2019,42(2):111-123

Research comparing the use of retrospective interviews (RIs) and think-aloud protocols (TAPs) as two data sources of writers’ composing processes is almost nonexistent. Trying to address this research gap, the present study examined the data obtained from the task-specific RIs and TAPs about the composing processes of 30 second language (L2) writers. Each participant thought aloud by concurrently verbalizing thoughts while performing an argumentative writing task, and then was interviewed immediately after the think-aloud session about their composing processes. The RI and TAP data was analyzed and compared in terms of five aspects of L2 writers’ composing: pre-writing stage, while-writing planning, first language (L1) use, composing problems and problem-solving, and text reviewing and changing. Though the results generally indicate that concurrent verbalizations provide much richer data than RIs about L2 writers’ composing processes, RIs were found to be a valuable source for revealing the ‘why’ of such processes. Besides, the gap between the data provided by the two sources differed from one composing aspect to another. Recommendations for how to optimally combine and make use of the two data sources in writing process research are provided.  相似文献   

Maltreatment and coping strategies among male adolescents living in the Gaza Strip   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Thabet AA  Tischler V  Vostanis P 《Child abuse & neglect》2004,28(1):77-91

OBJECTIVE: To establish the nature and extent of maltreatment experiences, coping strategies, and behavioral/emotional problems, and their relationships, in a sample of Palestinian adolescents. METHOD: A study of 97 male adolescents aged 15-19 years, and attending a vocational training center based in the Gaza Strip. Adolescents completed the Child Maltreatment Schedule and the Ways of Coping Scale (WAYS). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was completed by adolescents and by their teachers. RESULTS: Findings revealed high rates of emotional and physical maltreatment. Reliance on emotion-focused or avoidant coping strategies was associated with exposure to maltreatment. Use of maladaptive coping also predicted emotional difficulties in the respondents. CONCLUSIONS: Coping strategies are an important indicator of psychosocial functioning in adolescents who have experienced maltreatment. Identification of coping styles can augment the assessment of at-risk adolescents. Emotion-focused strategies, in particular, appear to be widely used by young people from non-Western cultural backgrounds.  相似文献   

Comparative education and sociological thought in the Arab region,with special reference to the work of ALECSO     

Abdel Moneim Mohamed Osman 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1981,27(4):483-495

This paper examines the work done in the field of comparative education in the Arab region and analyses its conceptual and theoretical assumptions. It also analyses the work done by the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organisation (ALESCO). The author argues that there is very little influence from sociology on the comparative education research carried on in the Arab region, though there is some influence from the functionalist school. There is heavy reliance on the economics of education, especially in the work of those utilising the concept of human capital. Most of the research carried out is practice-oriented research, aiming at policy formation and the provision of factual data for policy-makers, and mainly concerned with the internal working of educational systems in the Arab region.

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Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel untersucht die auf dem Gebiet der vergleichenden Erziehungswissenschaft in der arabischen Region geleistete Arbeit und analysiert ihre konzeptuellen und theoretischen Voraussetzungen. Außerdem werden die Tätigkeiten der Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organisation der arabischen Liga (ALECSO) analysiert. Es wird festgestellt, daß die Soziologie sehr wenig Einfluß auf die vergleichende erziehungswissenschaftliche Forschung in der arabischen Region ausgeübt hat; nur die funktionalistische Schule hat sich bis zu einem gewissen Grade ausgewirkt. Starker Nachdruck liegt auf der Bildungsökonomie, vor allem in der Arbeit von Wissenschaftlern, die das Konzept menschliches Kapital benutzen. Überwiegend ist die betriebene Forschung praxis-orientiert. Ihr Ziel ist, zur Erarbeitung einer Bildungspolitik beizutragen und den Bildungspolitikern faktisches Material zu liefern. Daher befaßt sie sich hauptsächlich mit dem internen Erziehungswesen der betreffenden Länder in der arabischen Region.

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Résumé Cet article examine le travail effectué dans le domaine de l'éducation comparée dans les Etats arabes et analyse ses présomptions conceptuelles et théoriques ainsi que le travail de l'Organisation Arabe pour l'Education, la Culture et la Science (ALECSO). L'auteur soutient que la sociologie n'exerce qu'une influence très restreinte sur la recherche concernant l'éducation comparée menée dans les Etats arabes, quoique l'on y constate une certaine influence de l'école fonctionnelle. On place une grande confiance dans l'économie de l'éducation, surtout dans le travail de ceux qui utilisent le concept de capital humain. La majeure partie de la recherche est orientée vers la pratique, visant à l'élaboration d'une politique d'action, à la fourniture de données factuelles aux décisionnaires, et elle s'intéresse surtout au travail interne des systèmes d'éducation dans les Etats arabes.

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Book reviews     

Jacques vauclair  João Batista Araujo e Oviveira  Guy Neave  Abdel Aziz el Koussy 《Prospects》1976,6(3):481-494

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United Arab Emirates University students’ attitudes towards the handicapped     

Ahmad A. Smadi  Abdel Aziz M. Sartawi 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(3):242-248

ABSTRACT

The study aims to explore attitudes of the United Arab Emirates University students towards the handicapped. A sample of 313 students, conventionally drawn, took the College Students' Attitude Scale towards the Handicapped. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in favour of females vs males, single vs married, residents vs non‐residents, families with handicapped children, previous contact with handicapped and urban vs rural groups. Several recommendations are suggested at the end of the study.  相似文献   

Absence of postzygotic isolating mechanisms: evidence from experimental hybridization between two species of tropical sea urchins     

M. Aminur Rahman  Tsuyoshi Uehara  Aziz Arshad  Fatimah Md. Yusoff  Mariana Nor Shamsudin 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2012,13(10):797-810

Two reef margin species of tropical sea urchins, Echinometra sp. C (Ec) and Echinometra oblonga (Eo), occur sympatrically on Okinawa intertidal reefs in southern Japan. Hybridization between these species was examined through a series of cross-fertilization experiments. At limited sperm concentrations, where conspecific crosses reached near 100% fertilization, both heterospecific crosses showed high fertilization rates (81%–85%). The compatibility of the gametes demonstrated that if gamete recognition molecules are involved in fertilization of these species, they are not strongly species-specific. We found that conspecific crosses reached peak fertilization levels much faster than did heterospecific crosses, indicating the presence of a prezygotic barrier to hybridization in the gametes. Larval survival, metamorphosis, and juvenile and adult survival of hybrid groups were nearly identical to those of their parent species. Hybrids from crosses in both directions developed normally through larval stages to sexually mature adults, indicating that neither gametic incompatibility nor hybrid inviability appeared to maintain reproductive isolation between these species. In adults, Ec×Ec crosses gave the highest live weight, followed by Eo (ova)×Ec (sperm), Ec (ova)×Eo (sperm), and Eo×Eo. Other growth performance measures (viz., test size, Aristotle’s lantern length, and gonad index) of hybrid groups and their parental siblings showed the same trends. The phenotypic color patterns of the hybrids were closer to the maternal coloration, whereas spine length, tube-foot and gonad spicule characteristics, pedicellaria valve length, and gamete sizes showed intermediate features. Adult F₁ hybrids were completely fertile and displayed high fertilization success in F₁ backcrosses, eliminating the likelihood that hybrid sterility is a postzygotic mechanism of reproductive isolation. Conversely, intensive surveys failed to find hybrid individuals in the field, suggesting the lack or rarity of natural hybridization. This strongly suggests that reproductive isolation is achieved by prezygotic isolating mechanism(s). Of these mechanisms, habitat segregation, gamete competition, differences in spawning times, gametic incompatibility or other genetic and non-genetic factors appear to be important in maintaining the integrity of these species.  相似文献