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An Approach to Improving Science Knowledge About Energy Balance and Nutrition
Among Elementary- and Middle-School Students 
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下载免费PDF全文 Nancy P. Moreno James P. Denk J. Kyle Roberts Barbara Z. Tharp Michelle Bost William A. Thomson 《CBE life sciences education》2004,3(2):122-130
Unhealthy diets, lack of fitness, and obesity are serious problems in the United
States. The Centers for Disease Control, Surgeon General, and Department of
Health and Human Services are calling for action to address these problems.
Scientists and educators at Baylor College of Medicine and the National Space
Biomedical Research Institute teamed to produce an instructional unit,
“Food and Fitness,” and evaluated it with students in grades
3–7 in Houston, Texas. A field-test group (447 students) completed all
unit activities under the guidance of their teachers. This group and a
comparison group (343 students) completed pre and postassessments measuring
knowledge of concepts covered in the unit. Outcomes indicate that the unit
significantly increased students'' knowledge and awareness of science
concepts related to energy in living systems, metabolism, nutrients, and diet.
Pre-assessment results suggest that most students understand concepts related to
calories in food, exercise and energy use, and matching food intake to energy
use. Students'' prior knowledge was found to be much lower on topics related
to healthy portion sizes, foods that supply the most energy, essential
nutrients, what “diet” actually means, and the relationship between
body size and basal metabolic rate. 相似文献
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Gerald D. Tharp 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):818-822
Abstract Ventricular function measurements such as the Tension Period (TP) and the Q to First Heart Sound Interval (Q-1HSI) have received increasing attention as possible simple indexes of a person's cardiovascular fitness. In order to evaluate the usefulness of these tests for measuring fitness, they were compared with fitness scores obtained using a standard fitness test. The fitness score (Physical Work Capacity-150) of 31 male subjects was determined and correlated with their TP and Q-1HSI measurements taken at rest. The results showed little correlation between the PWC-150 and the TP (r = .21) or between the PWC-150 and the Q-1HSI (R = .13). The resting heart rate actually showed a closer correlation with Physical Work Capacity (r = –.53) than did either of the ventricular function measurements. Thus, from the results obtained in this study, cardiac function tests do not appear to offer a good substitute for the more strenuous tests of cardiovascular fitness. 相似文献
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Terry J. Housh William G. Thorland Gerald D. Tharp Glen O. Johnson Craig J. Cisar 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):347-350
Abstract Sixty-two elite adolescent (age: 16.39 ± 1.62 yrs) female track and field athletes volunteered to be measured isokinetically for peak torque of the leg flexors and extensors. The sample included 16 throwers, 11 jumpers, 12 middle-distance runners (> 400 m), and 23 sprinters. A Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure dominant leg strength at 180°/sec. One-way ANOVA revealed significant between group differences for absolute flexion and extension (Nm), extension/body weight (Nm/Kg), and extension/lean body weight (Nm/Kg). Scheffe post-hoc comparisons showed that, for absolute leg extension strength, throwers were stronger than middle-distance runners (by 54.4%), sprinters (35.6%), and jumpers (23.6%). For absolute leg flexion movements, throwers were stronger than middle distance runners (37.4%) and sprinters (32.1%). Jumpers had greater extension peak torque values than middle-distance runners relative to body weight (14.0%), and throwers were stronger than middle-distance runners for extension/lean body weight (14.9%)). No other comparisons were significant. However, when strength was expressed relative to body weight or lean body weight, there were few differences between events for flexion or extension. Given that absolute strength scores were correlated with body weight and lean body weight, peak torque/body weight or peak torque/lean body weight may be more sensitive than absolute values as indicators of underlying factors (such as training status or fiber type composition) responsible for the differences in muscular strength between groups. 相似文献