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Summary Was the project successful in assisting teachers to reform their biology teaching? The answer appears to be a qualifiedyes. Although teachers changed how they taught biology, they did not necessarily adopt the model as originally conceived by the project. Teachers used materials they developed in ways that increased student involvement in learning and decreased direct teacher instruction. Teachers taught primarily from the units they developed, and they borrowed instructional ideas and lessons from other units which fit their instructional style and curriculum. Teachers did not, however, adopt complete instructional units developed by other teachers for use in their classroom.  相似文献   
77.
This article examines issues related to minority teachers in New York City. Although increasing proportions of teachers hired in the last decade are black, Hispanic, or Asian, the gap between proportions of pupils and teachers remains due to increases in minority pupils. There are strong correlations between proportions of teachers and pupils in districts within racial and ethnic groups. The converse is also true; there are strong negative correlations between black and Hispanic teachers, for example, and percent of white and Asian pupils. Districts with larger proportions of minority pupils tend to have more emergency new teachers, fewer fully certified teachers, and fewer experienced teachers. Only 58% of the new black or Hispanic teachers, compared with 82% of white teachers, indicated they intend to remain in teaching after five years. Interviews with personnel directors suggest there are no systematic constraints on selection processes. New minority teachers queried about their job-search practices suggest somewhat more frustration with the process and less use of local leads than white teachers. Together these data suggest that the ability to increase the number of minority teachers is a more complex problem than recruitment and training. Moreover, minority pupils do not appear to have equal access to experienced and fully qualified teachers.  相似文献   
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Asthma, a chronic respiratory disease, is caused by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental variables. The intent of this article is to propose a theory that provides an explanation for the reduction of emotionally triggered asthma through treatments derived from positive psychology. The basic tenet of the theory is that physical health issues, such as asthma, can be promoted through systematic interventions that are designed to enhance the individual's sense of independence, intimacies or friendships, and/or feelings of competence. This theoretical approach is based largely on Bertrand Russell's definition of happiness and is consistent with positive psychology in that it focuses on variables that promote subjective well‐being, or a satisfying daily life. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 95–100, 2004.  相似文献   
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The primary interest of this study is to discover the extent to which black males are gaining or losing ground educationally relative to other male populations. The findings of this study show that the relative difference in the percent of black and white males with a high school or associate's degree has converged considerably, but the relative gap between black and white males receiving a bachelor's, or graduate degree has remained constant. The data showed much upward and downward intergenerational educational mobility for black males. Finally the data showed that the educational attainment of black males was significantly associated with their age, their father's educational attainment level, and the size of the place in which they lived at age 16.  相似文献   
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Although video is increasingly used in public health education, studies generally do not implement randomized trials of multiple video segments in clinical environments. Therefore, the specific configurations of educational videos that will have the greatest impact on outcome measures ranging from increased knowledge of important public health issues, to acceptance of a voluntary HIV test, remain largely unknown. Interventions can be developed to run on affordable handheld computers, including inexpensive tablets or netbooks that each patient can use individually, and to integrate video delivery with automated data collection. These video interventions can then be used not only to educate patients who otherwise might not be reached, but to examine how content can be optimized for greater effectiveness as measured by cognitive and behavioral outcomes. This approach may prove especially valuable in high volume urban facilities, such as hospital emergency departments, that provide points of contact for lower income, lower literacy, and high-risk populations who may not otherwise interact with healthcare providers or researchers. This article describes the development and evaluation of an intervention that educates emergency department patients about HIV prevention and testing while comparatively examining a set of videos, each based upon competing educational theories. The computer-based video intervention and methodology are both highly replicable and can be applied to subject areas and settings far beyond HIV or the emergency department.  相似文献   
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