P2P searching trends: 2002–2004     

Sai Ho Kwok 《Information processing & management》2006

This paper presents the trends of searching queries by users from peer-to-peer (P2P) networks over an 18-month period from July 2002 to January 2004. Four data sets of search queries collected from Gnutella were studied to describe the searching trends. Major findings include (1) the percentage of duplicate queries ranging from 34% to 68% of total queries; (2) an increase in non-English queries; (3) an approximately half of searching queries specified for video or audio file types; (4) the stop word “the” accounting for one-third of total stop words; (5) the shift of queries from audio to video; and (6) P2P users demanding for timely entertainment and porn materials. Based on the findings, it is worthwhile for P2P developers to consider (1) system design that allows effective searching using multiple languages; and (2) techniques that eliminate stop words for faster searching.  相似文献   

The many faces of RU486: tales of situated knowledges and technological contestations     

Clarke A  Montini T 《Science, technology & human values》1993,18(1):42-78

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On the uncertain variable structure systems with bounded controllers     

Han Ho Choi 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2003,340(2):135-146

In this paper, we propose a method to estimate the asymptotic stability region (ASR) of uncertain variable structure systems with bounded controllers. Using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) we estimate the ASR and we show the exponential stability of the closed-loop control system in the estimated ASR. We also give simple LMI-based algorithms for estimating the ASR and designing a switching surface which will make the estimated ASR big. Finally, we give numerical examples in order to show that our method can be better than the previous results for a certain class of uncertain variable structure systems with bounded controllers.  相似文献   

Interplay of creativity and giftedness in science,edited by Melissa K. Demetrikopoulos and John L. Pecore     

Theresa Hegedus 《Pedagogies: An International Journal》2017,12(1):143-146

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Cognitive restructuring as an early stage in problem solving     

George M. Bodner  Theresa L. B. McMillen 《科学教学研究杂志》1986,23(8):727-737

This article examines the hypothesis that there are preliminary stages in problem solving which most chemists neglect when trying to teach their students how to solve problems in introductory chemistry courses. It is during these early stages that relevant information is disembedded from the question and the problem is restructured. Unless students can successfully complete these cognitive restructuring stages, they cannot proceed on to the more analytic stages in problem solving that have received more attention from chemists. Preliminary evidence for this hypothesis consists of linear correlations between student ability to handle disembedding and cognitive restructuring tasks in the spatial domain and their ability to solve chemistry problems.  相似文献   

獐牙菜属植物的起源, 散布和分布区形成     

何廷农  薛春迎  王伟 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1994,32(6):525-537

本文根据植物类群的系统发育和地理分布统一的原理，讨论了獐牙菜属植物的起源、散布和分 布区的形成。獐牙菜属包括11组16系154种，间断分布在亚洲、欧洲、北美洲和非洲。中国西南部- 喜马拉雅地区汇集了大多数种类、不同演化水平的类群以及形形色色的特有类群，成为该属的多样化 中心和多度中心。该属的原始类群和外类群也集中分布在中国西南山地，极有可能是该属的起源地。该 属的分布区类型中出现了各式的间断分布，根据有该属植物分布的大陆间及大陆与岛屿间分离和连接 的时间推测，该属的起源时间至少不会晚于晚白垩纪，也许更早，可追溯到中白垩纪。通过分类群间亲 缘关系和现代分布分析，显示出该属植物从起源地向周围和一定方向散布，形成了三个主要散布途径。在散布过程中植物本身也发生演化和就地特化，形成新的类群。  相似文献   

Conservation and evolution: By O. H. Frankel and M. E. Soulé. Pp. 327. Cambridge University Press,Cambridge. 1981. Hardback £25.00, Paperback £7.95     

M.W Ho 《Endeavour》1982,6(2):91-92

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The cost efficiency impact of the university operation fund on public universities in Taiwan     

Jenn-Shyong Kuo  Yi-Cheng Ho   《Economics of Education Review》2008,27(5):603-612

This study uses the stochastic frontier multiple-product cost function that is modeled after Battese and Coelli [Battese, G. E., & Coelli, T. J. (1995). A model for technical inefficiency effects in a stochastic frontier production for panel data. Empirical Economics 20(2), 325–332.] in order to empirically measure the cost efficiency of the University Operation Fund (UOF) on Taiwan's public universities.The original purpose of the UOF's implementation was to reduce the government's financial burden by increasing cost efficiency in higher education institutions. By nature, the UOF differs from the traditional governmental budget regimes in three major respects. First of all, institutional operations and programs are no longer fully funded by government appropriations. Secondly, the universities can now retain surplus resources. Finally, the regulations on the use of funds raised by each institution itself are now less cumbersome. These differences provide universities with incentives for higher cost-efficiency and more active fund-raising.The empirical results from our study, which are based on panel data gathered from 34 public universities during the academic years 1992–2000, suggest that the adoption of the UOF has had a significantly negative impact on cost efficiency.  相似文献   

Explicating factual and subjective science knowledge: knowledge as a mediator of news attention and attitudes     

Shirley S. Ho  Jiemin Looi  Alisius D. Leong  Yan Wah Leung 《亚洲交流杂志》2019,29(1):73-91

Communication scholars have conflicting views on the relationship between exposure to science news and knowledge, and its subsequent influence on attitudes. Such mixed sentiments could arise from the vague definition of knowledge. Therefore, this paper explicates science knowledge into factual knowledge and subjective knowledge. It also compares the mediating roles of both types of knowledge between news attention and public support for science and technology (S&T). A survey of 967 Singaporeans showed that news attention was positively related to both factual and subjective knowledge. The findings revealed a stronger relationship between subjective knowledge and news attention than factual knowledge and news attention. Additionally, factual knowledge was positively related to public support for S&T, but subjective knowledge was negatively related to public support for S&T. The contrasting directions of these associations demonstrate that factual and subjective knowledge are two distinct dimensions of knowledge. Practically, the findings can inform policymakers and communication practitioners about effective public education and engagement initiatives. This study also provided guidelines for newsmakers in news reporting about S&T.  相似文献   

A path-dependence perspective on the adoption of Internet of Things: Evidence from early adopters of smart and connected sensors in the United States     

Tian Tang  Alfred Tat-Kei Ho 《Government Information Quarterly》2019,36(2):321-332

As an integral part of the Internet of Things (IoT), smart and connected sensors are emerging information and communication technologies that collect and transmit real-time data from various urban domains to inform decision-making. While smart sensors and IoT technologies have great potential to transform public service provision, their adoption in the public sector seems to be slow and incremental. Using cross-sectional data of 65 large and mid-sized cities in the United States, we examine what affects local governments' adoption of smart and connected sensors. We propose a path-dependence explanation for the incremental adoption and test if a local government's sensor adoption behavior is shaped by its existing policy priorities and managerial practices in related fields. Our results show that local governments' early adoption of smart sensors is likely to stem from their needs in specific policy domains. We also find that a local government's historical paths on urban sustainability and data-driven decision-making practices can predict its trajectory of sensor deployment, in terms of the scope and the integration of smart sensors across different urban domains. Surprisingly, a local government's e-government progressiveness is not a significant predictor. Our results confirm the incremental change in smart sensor adoption and provide implications for local governments' IoT planning.  相似文献