LEARNING TO THINK SPATIALLY: WHAT DO STUDENTS ‘SEE’ IN NUMERACY TEST ITEMS?     

Carmel M. Diezmann  Tom Lowrie 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2012,10(6):1469-1490

Learning to think spatially in mathematics involves developing proficiency with graphics. This paper reports on 2 investigations of spatial thinking and graphics. The first investigation explored the importance of graphics as 1 of 3 communication systems (i.e. text, symbols, graphics) used to provide information in numeracy test items. The results showed that graphics were embedded in at least 50?% of test items across 3 year levels. The second investigation examined 11??C?12-year-olds?? performance on 2 mathematical tasks which required substantial interpretation of graphics and spatial thinking. The outcomes revealed that many students lacked proficiency in the basic spatial skills of visual memory and spatial perception and the more advanced skills of spatial orientation and spatial visualisation. This paper concludes with a reaffirmation of the importance of spatial thinking in mathematics and proposes ways to capitalize on graphics in learning to think spatially.  相似文献   

Judgment criteria for the authenticity of internet book reviews     

Yun Kuei Huang  Wen I. Yang  Tom M.Y. Lin  Ting Yu Shih 《Library & information science research》2012

In-depth interviews and genre analysis were conducted to derive the genre characteristics of commercial and noncommercial Internet book reviews in order to explore the judgment criteria for commercial (i.e., fake) and noncommercial (i.e., authentic) Internet book reviews. An empirical investigation was then performed to confirm which genre characteristics could serve as judgment criteria. Results indicated that structure and format, attributes of content, information orientation, number of words, lexical richness, personal pronouns, and paralinguistic features can provide useful clues to judgments. Moreover, commercial Internet book reviews with certain genre characteristics may hide their commercial intentions. These findings can provide reference for judgment criteria for online readers or librarians who want to select books based on objective book reviews, or on Internet bookstore marketing strategies that focus on electronic word-of-mouth comments.  相似文献   

Aerospace Museums: A Question of Balance     

Tom D. Crouch 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2007,50(1):19-32

Abstract While rooted in a tradition stretching back to the late eighteenth century, aerospace museums have enjoyed a period of extraordinary growth over the past three decades. Throughout this period, they have struggled to achieve a balance between their role as “shrines” that celebrate, memorialize and inspire, and “schools” that can help visitors to better understand the complex nature of technological change and its impact on the world. A survey of exhibitions that have sought to portray the history of flight as something more than a story of unalloyed progress, or that depart from traditional master narratives focusing solely on achievement and valor, provides both examples of success and cautionary lessons. If museums of flight are to present a useful and historically accurate portrait of the aerospace enterprise, they must continue the struggle to achieve a balance between these sometimes competing goals.  相似文献   

Hyperconnection: Natural History Museums,Knowledge, and the Evolving Ecology of Community     

Tom Hennes 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2007,50(1):87-108

Abstract Interviews conducted during the summer of 2006 with people in and around the international museum community suggest that the interests natural history museums share in common with each other and with other kinds of organizations and communities are creating an array of new links across institutional, social and cultural boundaries. These links are active, complex, networked relationships directed toward common purposes. Museums that are taking advantage of this emerging environment are becoming “hyperconnected hubs” across which knowledge is exchanged and action initiated. In forging a multitude of “weak ties” outward at different institutional levels, museums are finding that their shared activity with others brings to themselves new and often unexpected value across the “strong ties” that bind them together internally as institutions. Those natural history museums most able to participate as members of larger, interconnected entities are finding powerful new opportunities to more vigorously engage the world they study and the constituencies they serve. In the process, they are becoming increasingly open, active and relevant.  相似文献   

Applying constructivism: A test for the learner-as-scientist   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Tom Cobb 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1999,47(3):15-31

Constructivist learning theory predicts that knowledge encoded from data by learners themselves will be more flexible, transferable, and useful than knowledge encoded for them by experts and transmitted to them by an instructor or other delivery agent. If this prediction is correct, then learners should be modeled as scientists and use the reasoning and technologies of scientists to construct their own knowledge. However, it cannot be taken for granted that the prediction is correct, or correct in every knowledge domain. The present study attempts to establish conditions in which the prediction can be operationalized and tested. It reports on the adaptation of constructivist principles to instructional design in a particular domain, second language vocabulary acquisition. Students learning English for academic purposes in the Sultanate of Oman followed one of two approaches to vocabulary expansion, learning pre-encoded dictionary definitions of words, or constructing definitions for themselves using an adapted version of the computational tools of lexicographers. After 12 weeks, both groups were equal in definitional knowledge of target words, but lexicography group students were more able to transfer their word knowledge to novel contexts.  相似文献   

That Old Deja‐vu     

Tom L. Freudenheim 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2005,48(1):51-56

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Maternal Perinatal and Concurrent Anxiety and Mental Health Problems in Early Childhood: A Sibling-Comparison Study     

Line C. Gjerde  Espen M. Eilertsen  Thalia C. Eley  Tom A. McAdams  Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud  Espen Røysamb  Eivind Ystrom 《Child development》2020,91(2):456-470

Do associations between maternal anxiety symptoms and offspring mental health remain after comparing differentially exposed siblings? Participants were 17,724 offspring siblings and 11,553 mothers from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study. Mothers reported anxiety and depressive symptoms at 30 weeks’ gestation, and 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 5 years postpartum. Child internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed at ages 1.5, 3, and 5, and modeled using multilevel analyses with repeated measures nested within siblings, nested within mothers. Maternal pre- and postnatal anxiety were no longer associated with child internalizing or externalizing problems after adjusting for maternal depression and familial confounding. Maternal anxiety when the children were in preschool age, however, remained significantly associated with child internalizing but not externalizing problems.  相似文献   

Staples.com: Focus on usability     

Tom McCann  Colin Hynes 《Performance Improvement》2002,41(10):23-28

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Punished by Rewards? A Behavioral Perspective     

Clay Carr  Tom Mawhinney  Alyce Dickinson  Richard Pearlstein 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》1995,8(2):125-127

The other articles in this special issue of PIQ deal directly with HPT and its practice. This set of articles does not. It does deal with the relationship between intrinsic motivation and external incentives–questions critical to the practice of HPT. The articles provide reaction to Alfie Kohn's latest book, Punished by Rewards, which ignited something of a firestorm. His article in the Harvard-Business Review, excerpted from the book (Kohn, 1993a) elicited printed responses ranging from reasoned rejoinders to accusations of preaching a brand of communism (Kohn. 1993b). Obviously, right or wrong, he has struck a forest of raw nerves. This set of articles attempts to use Kohn's work as a springboard for exploring the topic of rewards and punishments. It begins with a short review of the book; the review concentrates mostly on Kohn's arguments as they concern the workplace and ignores the large amount of the book devoted to child rearing and schools. The review is followed by two assessments of Kohn's work from the point of view of organizational behavior analysis. They are by Tom Mawhinney of the University of Detroit, Mercy, and Alyce Dickinson of Western Michigan University. Then Richard Pearlstein. the immediate past Vice-President for Research and Development of NSPI, concludes the series by relating the discussion specifically to the way managers actually manage. Our goal in this endeavor is to help lay bare some basic issues underlying human performance in the workplace. We hope you find it useful.  相似文献   

A perpetual motion machine: The preserved digital scholarly record     

Tom Cramer  Chip German  Neil Jefferies  Alicia Wise 《Learned Publishing》2023,36(2):312-318

• Digital preservation will never be a solved problem: it needs constant reinvention, and is going to become harder over time.
• Scholarship is changing and this is affecting what needs to be preserved and what preservation means to the future of knowledge discovery.
• The diversification of outputs means that knowledge exists in a network of contextual metadata, data, software, standards and publications—requiring multilateral management of this complex knowledge graph.
• Preservation demands new skills, technologies and resources from librarians, publishers, funders and institutions—and more joined-up thinking about archiving.

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