Assessment,Control, and Autonomy: Macroscopic Perspectives     

Jens‐Peter Gaul 《Higher Education in Europe》2005,30(2):167-171

Assessments such as ranking exercises arguably level the playing field for stakeholders. Quality assurance may remain a challenge for consumers, but ‘public’ assessments do provide a nominal element of independence or autonomy. This article outlines, from a German perspective, the way in which research assessments are frequently subject to influence from a variety of sources. It offers some developmental perspectives on assessment as an organic work‐in‐progress for the scientific and research community.  相似文献   

Gezählte Kompetenz     

Jens?BrachmannEmail author 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2003,6(3):432-448

Der Beitrag diskutiert die Bedeutung von Zitationsanalysen als Instrumente zur Bewertung und Qualit?tssicherung von Forschungshandeln. Bisher ist der Aussagewert empirisch gestützter Zitationsindizes sehr begrenzt, weil Zitationen lediglich als Belege von Sichtbarkeit, Akzeptanz und Einfluss wissenschaftlicher Leistungen angesehen werden. Stattdessen wird hier nun vorgeschlagen, intertextuelle Relationen als Dokumente epistemischer Aktivit?t selbst zu begreifen. Nach dieser Deutung sind Zitate dann nicht l?nger nur pellets of recognition, sondern verzeichnen zugleich immer auch Inszenierungsversuche und F?lle erfolgreicher Performanz der Leistung eines Forschers. In diesem Sinne sind sie als pellets of understanding zu verstehen, die der Forschungsinnovation dienen k?nnen. Ausgehend von dieser überlegung diskutiert der Beitrag Rahmenbedingungen einer Theorie des wissenschaftlichen Zitats und problematisiert den m?glichen Ertrag eines solchen Ansatzes für die Erziehungswissenschaft, weshalb abschlie?end vorgeschlagen wird, Zitationsdichte als Indiz für den Ausdifferenzierungsgrad spezifischer Forschungszusammenh?nge zu begreifen, zitationelle Einzelfallanalysen anzustrengen, um die Qualit?t und Güte spezifischer Forschungsbeitr?ge dieser Disziplin zu prüfen und so die empirischen Befunde traditioneller Zitationsindizes zu erg?nzen.  相似文献   

Matching behavior of honeybees in a multiple-choice situation: The differential effect of environmental stimuli on the choice process     

Uwe Greggers  Juliane Mauelshagen 《Learning & behavior》1997,25(4):458-472

The matching behavior of honeybees in a patch of four artificial feeders was studied under two different environmental conditions in order to examine the involvement of different stimuli in the choice process. Matching fails if all nearby landmarks are removed but can, under certain conditions, be restored by subsequently introducing odors, colors, or landmarks showing that there is no unique stimulus modality that provides matching. We propose two fundamentally different memory processes, both of which affect feeding behavior and support matching. We suggest that in one case, the probability of choice is determined by the strength of direct associations between locally perceived odor stimuli and reward rates. In the second case, simultaneously perceived color stimuli predict the relative reward rates indirectly by the spatial representation of the four feeders. Both memory processes are likely to interact and lead to efficient feeding behavior during foraging under natural conditions.  相似文献   

The relationship between competencies acquired through Swiss academic sports science courses and the job requirements     

T. Schlesinger  F. Studer  S. Nagel 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(1):115-127

In view of the changes in and growing variety of sports-related occupations, it is highly relevant for educational institutions to know how well the educational contents of their sport science courses meet the professional requirements. This study analyses the relationship between the competencies acquired through academic sports science courses and the requirements of the relevant jobs in Switzerland. The data for this empirical analysis were drawn from a sample of n = 1054 graduates of different academic sport science programmes at all eight Swiss universities. The results show that academic sport science courses primarily communicate sports-specific expertise and practical sports skills. On the other hand, most graduates consider that the acquisition of interdisciplinary competencies plays a comparatively minor role in sport science education, even though these competencies are felt to be an important requirement in a variety of work-related environments and challenges.  相似文献   

The influence of sitting posture on mechanics and metabolic energy requirements during sit-skiing: a case report     

K. B. Hofmann  M. L. Ohlsson  M. Höök  J. Danvind  Uwe G. Kersting 《Sports Engineering》2016,19(3):213-218

Several different sitting postures are used in Paralympic cross-country sit-skiing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of sitting posture on physiological and mechanical variables during steady-state double-poling sit-skiing, as well as to determine how seat design can be improved for athletes without sufficient trunk control. Employing a novel, custom-designed seat, three trunk positions were tested while performing double-poling with submaximal oxygen consumption on an ergometer. Cycle kinematics, pole forces, and oxygen consumption were monitored. The athlete performed best, with longer cycle length and less pronounced metabolic responses, when kneeling with the trunk resting on a frontal support. For this case, a forward leaning trunk with knees below the hip joint was interpreted as most optimal, as it showed lower oxygen consumption and related parameters of performance during cross-country sit-skiing. Further investigations should examine whether such improvement is dependent on the level of the athlete’s handicap, as well as whether it is also seen on snow.  相似文献   

Teacher in a problem-based learning environment – Jack of all trades?     

Mona Lisa Dahms  Jens Frederik Dalsgaard Nielsen 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2017,42(6):1196-1219

Problem-based learning (PBL) is one among several approaches to active learning. Being a teacher in a PBL environment can, however, be a challenge because of the need to support students’ learning within a broad ‘landscape of learning’. In this article we will analyse the landscape of learning by use of the study activity model (SAM) developed by the Danish University Colleges, with the aim of investigating to which extent this may lead to explication and clarification concerning the challenges faced by teachers in a PBL environment. In the case study, the SAM is applied to the first semester of an engineering programme at Aalborg University, a university setting where the PBL approach to teaching and learning is dominant. The results of the analysis are presented and discussed, and the conclusion is that the model, in spite of some shortcomings, is useful in clarifying the role of the teacher in a PBL environment.  相似文献   

Social and Dimensional Comparisons in the Formation of German Students’ Language Self-Concepts     

A. Katrin Arens  Friederike Helm  Fabian Wolff  Jens Möller 《Journal of Experimental Education》2020,88(2):245-264

Abstract

This study extended the internal/external reference model to multiple languages including students’ language of instruction, first foreign language, and second foreign language. We examined whether social and dimensional comparisons play similar roles in the formation of students’ self-concept related to different languages and whether dimensional comparisons result in contrast or assimilation effects. All students had German as the language of instruction and English as the first foreign language. Students were divided into a subsample (N?=?487) learning French as a second foreign language and a subsample (N?=?481) learning Latin. Invariance tests demonstrated that the achievement–self-concept relations were similar across the subsamples, but interesting group differences became apparent when analyzing the French and Latin subsamples separately.  相似文献   

Children's Moral Motive Strength and Temperamental Inhibition Reduce Their Immoral Behavior in Real Moral Conflicts   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Jens B. Asendorpf  Gertrud Nunner-Winkler 《Child development》1992,63(5):1223-1235

This study is concerned with the prediction of interindividual differences in children's immoral behavior in real moral conflicts by moral motive strength (appropriate attribution of moral emotions to story characters), temperamental inhibition, and ego control. Children were tempted to cheat at age 6 when they felt unobserved, or to contend for a scarce resource in peer triads at age 7. Moral motive strength and inhibition, but not ego control, predicted low cheating and low nonverbal rivalry to a similar extent. Extreme group analyses of children low or high in both traits showed that cheating/noncheating could be predicted with a hit rate above 90%. Nonverbal rivalry in a group increased exponentially with the number of low-moral uninhibited children in the group, a finding replicated within the same sample. Discussion focuses on the influence of moral motive strength, temperamental inhibition, ego control, and their interaction on the reduction of immoral behavior.  相似文献   

Model-based testing with UML applied to a roaming algorithm for Bluetooth devices     

Zhen?Ru?DaiEmail author  Jens?Grabowski  Helmut?Neukirchen  Holger?Pals 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2004,5(11):1327-1335

In late 2001,the Object Management Group issued a Request for Proposal to develop a testing profile for UML2.0. In June 2003,the work on the UML 2.0 Testing Profile was finally adopted by the OMG. Since March 2004,it has become an official standard of the OMG. The UML 2.0 Testing Profile provides support for UML based model-driven testing. This paper introduces a methodology on how to use the testing profile in order to modify and extend an existing UML design model for test issues. The application of the methodology will be explained by applying it to an existing UML Model for a Bluetooth device.  相似文献   

Entwicklungsaufgaben von Lehramtsstudierenden,Referendaren und Berufseinsteigern     

Ingrid Kunze  Uwe Herieks 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2002,5(3):401-416

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag thematisiert Lehrerbildung als berufsbiographisches Problem aus bildungsgangdidaktischer und professionalisierungstheoretischer Sicht. Leitend ist die These einer beruflichen Kompetenz-und Identit?tsentwicklung in der Bearbeitung beruflicher Entwicklungsaufgaben. Aus einer Auseinandersetzung mit aktuellen Professionalisierungstheorien werden vier berufliche Entwicklungsaufgaben von Berufseinsteigern gewonnen. Sie beziehen sich auf die eigenen Kompetenzen, die Fachvermittlung, die p?dagogische Fremdwahrnehmung der Schüler sowie auf die Institution Schule. Die Plausibilit?t dieser Entwicklungsaufgaben kann anhand der Ergebnisse zweier qualitativ-empirischer Forschungsprojekte zumindest vorl?ufig belegt werden. Anschlie?end wird gefragt, welche Anl?sse und Anregungen Studium und Referendariat für vorbereitende Bearbeitungen dieser Entwicklungsaufgaben bieten. Es geht also um die biographischen Konstruktionen, die in Abarbeitung an der „latenten Strukturierung“ der Lehrerausbildung dazu führen, dass Berufseinsteiger bereits über mehr oder weniger tragf?hige Teill?sungen ihrer Entwicklungsaufgaben verfügen.

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Summary „Developing tasks“ for qualifying and newly qualified teachers: A contribution to research on professionalization This paper sees teacher training from the perspective of the current and future biography of the participant. It argues that solving job-related problems leads to the development of professional competencies and identity. The objects of this development are conceived of in didactic terminology as „developmental tasks“. Current professionalization theories highlight four specific areas of development for job-starters: personal competencies, knowledge transfer, the pedagogic perception of pupils’ needs and wants and the institution ‘school’. The plausibility of an orientation towards developmental tasks is demonstrated through the results of two qualitative empirical research projects. Finally, the paper reviews the contribution which teacher training and preparatory teaching practice can make in preparing new teachers for these developmental tasks. Ideally, teacher training should offer teachers the chance to develop biographic constructs, which can be applied to the work situation as semi-solutions to their developmental tasks.

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