Exploration versus exploitation in technology firms: The role of compensation structure for R&D workforce     

Victor Cui  Waverly W. Ding  Yoshio Yanadori 《Research Policy》2019,48(6):1534-1549

We investigate the relationship between a firm’s compensation structure and the extent to which its innovation is more exploration versus exploitation oriented. Specifically, we assess two aspects of a firm’s compensation design—horizontal dispersion within job levels and vertical tournament incentives between job levels. A six-year panel of compensation records of 671,028 employees working at 81 U.S.-based high technology firms between 1997 and 2002 are used to construct measures that characterize a firm's pay structure, which are linked to these firms’ patents filed in the U.S. We find that firms with higher-powered tournament incentives in vertical compensation structure report higher fraction of innovation directed towards exploration. Horizontal pay dispersion, on the other hand, shows a negative relationship with the exploration in firms where R&D employees’ age variance is low. In firms where R&D employees’ age variance is high, the negative relationship between horizontal pay dispersion and exploration is muted.  相似文献   

From shanzhai chic to Gangnam style: seven practices of cultural-economic mediation in China and Korea     

Tommy Tse  Victor Shin  Ling Tung Tsang 《Journal of Cultural Economy》2020,13(5):511-530

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the social construction of ‘fashionability’ – namely, what is ‘desirable’ and ‘fashionable’ – with reference to the concept ‘cultural mediators’ that foregrounds agency, negotiation and the contested practices of market actors in cultural production. It zeroes in on the cultural mediators’ attitudes and positions in the two markets by drawing on 25 in-depth interviews with industry veterans. It shows that the mediators in South Korea and China increasingly occupy hybrid occupational roles and social positions across industries and sectors yet achieve limited success in countering the status quo of Western fashion through mediation. The analysis contributes to the literature with a categorisation of seven mediation practices that shape the valuation of fashion products (i.e. ‘fashionability’) in two ways. Empirically, this categorisation illuminates how cultural mediators make reference habitually to the broader social and cultural contexts to co-construct cultural-aesthetic objects. Theoretically, it advances a cultural-economic approach to the understanding of cultural mediation and challenges the reductionist viewpoint of actor–network theory through the notion of a matrix of cultural-economic agency.  相似文献   

Special Issue on History and Philosophy of Mathematics in Mathematics Education     

Victor J. Katz  Uffe Thomas Jankvist  Michael N. Fried  Stuart Rowlands 《Science & Education》2014,23(1):1-6

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A Social Democratic Vision of Media: Toward a Radical Pre-History of Public Broadcasting     

Victor Pickard 《Journal of Radio & Audio Media》2017,24(2):200-212

The Public Broadcasting Act’s 50th anniversary provides an opportune moment to reassess justifications for creating a noncommercial media system. This commemorative occasion coincides with a particularly precarious moment for public radio and television’s future, adding some urgency to revisiting and reasserting its normative foundations. With this in mind, it is instructive to look back at public broadcasting’s long history to recover some of the original arguments for establishing an alternative to commercial news media. These earlier visions suggest a social democratic ideal for broadcast media, one clearly recognizing that a market-driven system cannot provide for all of democratic society’s communication needs.  相似文献   

IT Takes a Village: A Case Study of Internal and External Supports of an Urban High School Magnet Career Academy     

Fletcher  Edward C.  Smith  Chrystal A. S.  Hernandez-Gantes  Victor M. 《The Urban Review》2021,53(4):681-707

The Urban Review - The purpose of this study was to examine internal and external supports of an information technology themed (whole school) urban magnet high school located in a low-income urban...  相似文献   

BioMEMS and Electrophoresis in 2006: Review of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the American Electrophoresis Society     

Adrienne R. Minerick  Victor M. Ugaz 《Biomicrofluidics》2007,1(2)

The 23rd Annual Meeting of the American Electrophoresis Society (AES) was held at the San Francisco Hilton in San Francisco, California on 12–17 November 2006. This year’s meeting featured a look toward the future, with an emphasis on theoretical and experimental advances in miniaturization of BioMEMS, electrokinetics, and proteomics technologies. A total of 13 sessions accommodating 71 presentations and 18 posters were held in conjunction with the Annual Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE). This review and corresponding special issue of Biomicrofluidics provide a sampling of some of the exciting research presented at the conference.  相似文献   

IT Education and Workforce Participation: A New Era for Women in Kenya?     

Victor W. A. Mbarika  Fay Cobb Payton  Lynette Kvasny  Atieno Amadi 《The Information Society》2007,23(1):1-18

While Sub-Saharan African women have historically assumed the roles of both housewives and subsistence farmers, they have had few opportunities to participate in the modern economies of the region. However, this trend is changing with the exponential growth of information and communications technologies (ICT), giving many Sub-Sahara African women access to computers, the Internet, and other related technologies. Based on the work of a four-member research team from Kenya and the United States, this article examines the integration of female college students into the formal ICT work sector in Kenya. We do so by examining major bottlenecks and enablers to such integration from historical and contemporary perspectives. Using an interpretive approach, we conducted 32 interviews with women in an ICT program offered by a university in Kenya. Our findings indicate that women were highly optimistic, embracing ICT as a practical mechanism for achieving entry into the labor market. However, they perceived significant structural barriers, such as public policies that failed to facilitate the development of the ICT sector, gender discrimination by employers, and training that provided them with insufficient technical skills to enable them to effectively perform in the workplace. These findings largely confirm the gendered perspectives found in similar studies conducted in other countries. However, what appear as global perspectives are informed by the local causes.  相似文献   

Domain analysis and information retrieval through the construction of heliocentric maps based on ISI-JCR category cocitation     

Flix de Moya-Anegn  Benjamín Vargas-Quesada  Zaida Chinchilla-Rodriguez  Elena Corera-lvarez  Victor Herrero-Solana  Francisco J. Munoz-Fernndez 《Information processing & management》2005,41(6):1520-1533

We propose the use of ISI-JCR categories as units of cocitation and measurement for the construction of heliocentric maps. The use of a spatial metaphor allows us to illustrate, analyze and compare domains in terms of the categories and their interconnections or links. We can also move around within the structure of these domains for further analysis, and access the documents associated to the categories and to the links that cocite or relate them.  相似文献   

Introduction The topos of meaning or the encounter between past and present     

Luis Radford  Fulvia Furinghetti  Victor Katz 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2007,66(2):107-110

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The factor structure of the longeot test: A measure of logical thinking     

Kapur S. Ahlawat  Victor Y. Billeh 《科学教学研究杂志》1982,19(8):647-658

Using a random sample of 389 grade 11 science students, the factor structure of the Longeot test (a measure of logical thinking) is investigated and some psychometric properties of the test items are determined. Varimax rotation on six principal component factors resulted in a simple structure. An attempt is made to interpret the obtained orthogonal factors. Implications of the findings on the “unity hypothesis” of the Piagetian construct of logical thinking and, consequently, on grade 11 science education are discussed.  相似文献