Examination of the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 in endothelial responses to shear forces     

Sara Baratchi  Francisco J. Tovar-Lopez  Khashayar Khoshmanesh  Megan S. Grace  William Darby  Juhura Almazi  Arnan Mitchell  Peter McIntyre 《Biomicrofluidics》2014,8(4)

Shear stress is the major mechanical force applied on vascular endothelial cells by blood flow, and is a crucial factor in normal vascular physiology and in the development of some vascular pathologies. The exact mechanisms of cellular mechano-transduction in mammalian cells and tissues have not yet been elucidated, but it is known that mechanically sensitive receptors and ion channels play a crucial role. This paper describes the use of a novel and efficient microfluidic device to study mechanically-sensitive receptors and ion channels in vitro, which has three independent channels from which recordings can be made and has a small surface area such that fewer cells are required than for conventional flow chambers. The contoured channels of the device enabled examination of a range of shear stresses in one field of view, which is not possible with parallel plate flow chambers and other previously used devices, where one level of flow-induced shear stress is produced per fixed flow-rate. We exposed bovine aortic endothelial cells to different levels of shear stress, and measured the resulting change in intracellular calcium levels ([Ca²⁺]_i) using the fluorescent calcium sensitive dye Fluo-4AM. Shear stress caused an elevation of [Ca²⁺]_i that was proportional to the level of shear experienced. The response was temperature dependant such that at lower temperatures more shear stress was required to elicit a given level of calcium signal and the magnitude of influx was reduced. We demonstrated that shear stress-induced elevations in [Ca²⁺]_i are largely due to calcium influx through the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 ion channel.  相似文献   

‘They think it’s all Dover!’ Popular newspaper narratives and images about the English football team and (re)presentations of national identity during Euro 2012     

John Vincent  John Harris 《Soccer & Society》2014,15(2):222-240

The 2012 UEFA European Football Championship (‘Euro 2012’) – Europe’s quadrennial football bonanza was held in Poland and the Ukraine between June 8th and July 1st. Occurring between Elizabeth II’s Diamond jubilee and the London 2012 Olympic Games, the eyes of the media were fixated on the pride and joy of English football, its men’s national team. With national consciousness at an all-time high, articles in England’s tabloid, ‘red-top,’ daily national newspapers The Sun and Daily Mirror were tracked for three weeks as they lavished their attentions on the national pastime. Their coverage of the English team reflected a heightened consciousness of English national identity. Drawing on Guibernau’s strategies for creating and uniting citizens around a collective national identity, this study examined how England’s popular media presented and represented England’s national identity to reflect the real and imagined versions of Englishness during this major sporting event.¹1. Montserrat Guibernau, The Identity of Nations (Cambridge: Polity, 2007). By focusing on The Sun and Daily Mirror’s narratives about, and images of, the English team during the Euro 2012 tournament, this paper focuses on how English national identity ebbed and flowed during a time of seismic change within the country. Shaped by an inductive textual analysis, this paper shows how the press fluctuated between optimistic notions of the present and future English national identity and traditional ‘olde England’ in an almost formulaic fashion.  相似文献   

Exploring athletic identity in elite-level English youth football: a cross-sectional approach     

Tom O. Mitchell  Mark Nesti  David Richardson  Adrian W. Midgley  Martin Eubank 《Journal of sports sciences》2014,32(13):1294-1299

Abstract

This study is the first empirical investigation that has explored levels of athletic identity in elite-level English professional football. The importance of understanding athletes’ psychological well-being within professional sport has been well documented. This is especially important within the professional football industry, given the high attrition rate (Anderson, G., & Miller, R. M. (2011). The academy system in English professional football: Business value or following the herd? University of Liverpool, Management School Research Paper Series. Retrieved from http://www.liv.ac.uk/managementschool/research/working%20papers/wp201143.pdf) and distinct occupational practices (Roderick, M. (2006). The work of professional football. A labour of love? London: Routledge). A total of 168 elite youth footballers from the English professional football leagues completed the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Multilevel modelling was used to examine the effect of playing level, living arrangements and year of apprentice on the total AIMS score and its subscales (i.e., social identity, exclusivity and negative affectivity). Football club explained 30% of the variance in exclusivity among players (P = .022). Mean social identity was significantly higher for those players in the first year of their apprenticeship compared to the second year (P = .025). All other effects were not statistically significant (P > .05). The novel and unique findings have practical implications in the design and implementation of career support strategies with respect to social identity. This may facilitate the maintenance of motivation over a 2-year apprenticeship and positively impact on performance levels within the professional football environment.  相似文献   

The New Empire of Capital: The Pedagogy of the Streets     

Don Mitchell 《Review of Education, Pedagogy & Cultural Studies》2013,35(1-2):147-151

In every generation, some event serves to remind us that the exercise of power is always in part a function of control over geography.  相似文献   

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AND RACIAL ADJUSTMENT     

Samuel C. Mitchell LL. D. 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(4):316-323

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The fayette,no cost,no credit workshop     

Morris E. Mitchell 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(1):412-416

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Achievement Motivation and Performance Among Second-Grade Boys and Girls     

Donna Mitchell Schell  Joseph Veroff  Robert E. Schell 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(4):66-73

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Practical imperialism: the Anglo‐Welsh rugby tour of New Zealand, 1908     

G.T. Vincent 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(1):123-140

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Biodeterioration of Incralac used for the protection of bronze monuments   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Christopher J. McNamara  Margaret Breuker  Marie Helms  Thomas D. Perry  Ralph Mitchell   《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2004,5(4):361-364

Outdoor bronze sculptures are highly susceptible to corrosion in many environments and organic coatings are widely used for their protection. The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of the commonly used coating Incralac to biodeterioration by microorganisms. A yeast was isolated from a bronze statue treated with Incralac and its ability to degrade Incralac was determined using growth curves, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The organism grew slowly on Incralac in liquid culture, but SEM images demonstrated its ability to adhere to Incralac coated metal. Additionally, the yeast caused a rapid drop in the low frequency impedance of Incralac coated metal that was not observed under sterile conditions, indicating that the organism accelerated deterioration of the coating. The potential for microbial growth to accelerate deterioration of Incralac should be considered when developing a maintenance strategy for the protection of outdoor metal monuments.  相似文献   

Rates of evaporation of water through compressed monolayers on water     

Irving Langmuir  Vincent J. Schaefer 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1943,235(2):119-162

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