Work integrated learning for engineering qualifications: a spanner in the works?     

Sybert Mutereko  Volker Wedekind 《Journal of Education & Work》2016,29(8):902-921

Work-integrated learning (WIL) has been identified as a way of equipping graduates with attributes that make them work-ready. Many higher education institutions (HEIs) require their students to go through a compulsory work place learning form (WPL) of WIL. The complications of WPL can affect HEIs’ student throughput. To address this challenge, a university of technology (UoT) in South Africa is curriculating engineering diplomas and degrees which do not make WPL a compulsory module. This is in line with the new Higher Education Qualifications Sub-framework and Engineering Council of South Africa requirements. We employed in-depth interviews to gain an insight into the new programmes without WPL. Our findings indicate that WPL, in its current form, does not make graduates work-ready. Employers use it either to get extra cheap labour or as a recruitment process. It is envisaged that the new programme will increase the UoT’s throughput without adverse effects on the graduates’ attributes. These findings have important implications for HEIs, students and employers. It implies that HEIs will greatly improve throughput, which is desirable for both the HEIs and the students. For employers, this means they will have qualified people who might need higher wages, in comparison with students on WPL and they will need to plan for more in-house induction.  相似文献   

Grenzen von leistungsbasierten Auswahlverfahren     

Prof. Dr. Volker Müller-Benedict 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2010,13(3):451-472

Meritocracy, that is to admit only the “best” if there is a limited number of positions, is seen as a central moment of mobility in modern societies. A key example is the high school Abitur-examination in Germany, where the average score can be used to filter applicants for over-subscribed study places in universities. Based on a quantatitive-formal argument, this article firstly deduces that the prognosis of the score of the final exam can be improved only marginally, if the average Abitur-score at entry to university is taken in consideration. Secondly it proves that the amount of “non-detected talent” is high under all possible circumstances and, therefore, that even if the selection procedures to universities were improved a lot, sobering fundamental limits would still exist. Thus meritocracy represents a potential for structural injustice.  相似文献   

Evolution in Cyberspace: The Adaptation of National Videotext Systems to the Internet     

Volker Schneider 《The Information Society》2000,16(4):319-328

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A deterministic model based on evidence for the associations between kinematic variables and sprint kayak performance     

Lisa K. McDonnell  Patria A. Hume  Volker Nolte 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):205-220

The aim of this narrative review was to propose a deterministic model based on a review of previous research documenting the evidence for the associations between average kayak velocity and kinematic variables in sprint kayaking. Literature was reviewed after searching electronic databases using key words ‘kayak,’ ‘biomechanics,’ ‘velocity,’ ‘kinematics,’ and ‘performance.’ Our kinematic deterministic model for sprint kayaking performance shows that the average kayak velocity is determined by kayak stroke displacement and stroke time. Stroke time had the strongest correlation with 200-m race time (r = 0.86, p < 0.001), and stroke rate (inversely proportional to stroke time) was strongly correlated with average horizontal velocity over two consecutive strokes at race pace (r = ? 0.83, p < 0.05). Increased stroke rate via decreased absolute water phase time and increased relative water phase time were indicative of more elite performance. There was no significant relationship between stroke displacement and velocity; however, a large decrease in stroke displacement may be detrimental to performance. Individual characteristics may be responsible for a paddlers’ ability to achieve and sustain a given stroke rate. Coaches should theoretically focus interventions on increasing stroke rate while maintaining stroke displacement; however this hypothesis should be confirmed with prospective studies.  相似文献   

Vereine als sozialer Reichtum     

Dieter H. Jütting  Neil van Bentem  Volker Oshege  Jürgen Schwark 《Sportwissenschaft》2006,36(3):335-337

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Freiwillige: Produzenten und Träger sozialen Kapitals     

Volker Oshege  Sebastian Braun  Stefan Hansen 《Sportwissenschaft》2003,33(4):478-483

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The effect of increasing external degrees of freedom on force production and neuromuscular stabilisation     

Kati Wuebbenhorst  Volker Zschorlich 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1561-1569

Abstract

Evidence suggests that during interaction with different environmental dynamics the necessity to stabilise the involved joints leads to altered efficiency in force transmission to the surroundings and a specific orchestration of motor control strategies. However, little is known about the modalities of the changes associated with altered environmental dynamics. In 29 healthy participants, electromyographic (EMG) signals from four muscles of the right leg (M. peroneus longus, M. tibialis anterior, M. vastus medialis, M. gastrocnemius medialis) and three dimensions of force (Fx, Fy, Fz) were recorded. The participants were to exert force against an external object by performing a unilateral leg extension task with the task being influenced by either 0, 1 or 3 mechanical degrees of freedom. We hypothesised that the ankle stabilising muscles would increase their activities with increasing degrees of freedom (DoF), and that increasing external degrees of freedom results in decreased muscle force exerted during the movement task. The progressive change in the type of mechanical interaction from stable to unstable caused a loss of the ability to apply force in movement direction (Fz) which was accompanied by a reduction of Fy and Fx force dimensions. These reductions corresponded to maximum losses of 23% for Fz, 33% for Fx and 41% for Fy in the three degrees of freedom condition (all P < 0.001). Next, the individual muscles showed specific tuning effects, depending on the type of mechanical interaction. Our results suggest that the loss of the ability to exert force effectively against the external object is due to the neuromuscular stabilisation process of the involved joints. The change of the degrees of freedom conditions allowed for assessment of movement- or stabilisation-related adjustments of the motor system.  相似文献   

Neuroscience and Education: Blind Spots in a Strange Relationship     

Volker Kraft 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》2012,46(3):386-396

This article—mainly referring to the situation in Germany—consists of three parts. In a first section the current presence of neurosciences in the public discourse will be described in order to illuminate the background which is relevant for contemporary educational thinking. The prefix ‘neuro‐’ is ubiquitous today and therefore concepts like ‘neuropedagogy’ or ‘neurodidactics’ seem to be in the mainstream of modern thinking. In the second part of the article the perspective changes from the public discourse to the disciplinary discourse; a brief excursus into developmental psychiatry, neuropsychology and modern psychoanalysis will be made in order to demonstrate how the results of neuroscientific research are integrated in their theoretical frameworks. These three disciplines have no difficulty in integrating neuroscientific findings because each of them possesses a systematic core composed of ‘native concepts’. In contrast to them, educational theory has much more difficulty with such integration, as will be shown in the third part of the essay. On the one hand, neuroscientific thinking seems to be able to dominate education rather easily and without great resistance, especially in the fields of early childhood education, instruction and learning—mainly by simplifying educational processes and by reducing the complexity of the educational task to a mere ‘relationship problem’. On the other hand, this attraction of neuroscience in education might be understood as the reflection of a theoretical deficit in educational theory itself, with the significance of affect and emotion not receiving proper attention.  相似文献   

New Attitudes Towards Work,Employment and State Intervention in the European Community     

Volker Köditz 《Compare》1985,15(2):129-139

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In the sign of Galileo: pictorial representation in the 17th-century Copernican debate     

Remmert VR 《Endeavour》2003,27(1):26-31

After Galileo had discovered the four moons of Jupiter in 1609 he became increasingly convinced that the Copernican, heliocentric system of the world was correct. However, this ran against the opinions of the Church and a large number of contemporary astronomers and natural philosophers. The ensuing development culminated in the condemnation of the Copernican system by the Church in 1616 and of Galileo himself, who had propagated the Copernican system in his Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632), in 1633. Nevertheless, there was a constant debate about the right world system during the whole 17th century. Pictorial representation played an important role in it and the illustrations used as book frontispieces were a significant medium for the dispute.  相似文献