Developmental continuity in theory of mind: speed and accuracy of belief-desire reasoning in children and adults     

Apperly IA  Warren F  Andrews BJ  Grant J  Todd S 《Child development》2011,82(5):1691-1703

On belief-desire reasoning tasks, children first pass tasks involving true belief before those involving false belief, and tasks involving positive desire before those involving negative desire. The current study examined belief-desire reasoning in participants old enough to pass all such tasks. Eighty-three 6- to 11-year-olds and 20 adult participants completed simple, computer-based tests of belief-desire reasoning, which recorded response times as well as error rates. Both measures suggested that, like young children, older children and adults find it more difficult to reason about false belief and negative desires than true beliefs and positive desires. It is argued that this developmental continuity is most consistent with either executive competence or executive performance accounts of the development of belief-desire reasoning.  相似文献   

Organisational readiness and capacity building strategies of sporting organisations to promote health     

Meghan M. Casey  Warren R. Payne  Rochelle M. Eime 《Sport Management Review》2012,15(1):109-124

This paper explored the readiness of Victorian State Sporting Organisations (SSOs) in Australia to implement health promotion (HP) programs and sought to understand how they implemented capacity building strategies to promote health. Ten SSOs that received funding to develop and implement HP were recruited for the study. Interviews were conducted with key staff from SSOs and focus groups were undertaken with their Boards of Management. Factors analysed were SSO organisational readiness and capacity building strategies to implement change in organisational processes, organisation and resources, and systems and controls. SSOs made a concerted effort to create and support sport and recreation contexts that promote healthy behaviours. A number of SSOs achieved changes in their culture and systems by implementing formalised and systematic programs such as the club development program. The club development program supported the implementation and sustainability of HP throughout the organisational system of the SSO. These changes, however, were dependent upon organisational readiness; particularly climate and capacity, whereby financially “well off” SSOs had the capacity to engage in HP in a significant way. This paper highlights opportunities and challenges for policy makers to fund HP within sporting organisations; especially when the delivery of sport is a more immediate responsibility than HP.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Catherine Doherty  Warren Sellers  Peter Appelbaum  Nicola F. Johnson 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2010,37(4):115-124

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Chemical applications of recent dielectric constant theory     

John Warren Williams 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1935,219(1):47-72

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Public higher education: Who steers the ship?     

Peter N. Warren 《Academic Questions》1998,11(2):78-83

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Process gain and process loss: comparing interpersonal processes and performance of culturally diverse and non-diverse teams across time     

Warren E. Watson  Lynn Johnson  Kamalesh Kumar  Joe Critelli 《Int J Intercult Relat》1998,22(4):193

Members of 82 student groups involved in a Team Learning instructional format were surveyed with the Group Style Instrument (GSI) to examine the possible dimensions of team oriented behaviors and individualistically oriented behaviors. Exploratory factor models and confirmatory factor models were compared to find the best factor structure fit. The GSI was found to have dimensions that were team and individualistically oriented. From a second sample data was collected across four months on the group process and group performance of culturally non-diverse and culturally diverse groups. Data were evaluated in two significant ways. First, the team orientation and individual orientation dimensions were used to define interpersonal processing. Second, the team process dimensions were used to define interpersonal processing. Second, the team process dimensions were examined further to evaluate their relation to group performance. Early on the diverse teams showed less team orientation and more individual orientation than non-diverse teams, but through frequent feedback on task and interpersonal processing, the diverse teams caught up by the third time period. By the end, diverse teams maintained high team orientation but also allowed a reasonable extent of individual orientation. The diverse teams were beginning to utilize diversity to their advantage. Team and Individualistic orientations showed significant relations to team performance across time. Suggestions are given for future research.  相似文献   

The witch woman: A recurring motif in recent fantasy writing for young readers     

John Warren Stewig 《Children‘s Literature in Education》1995,26(2):119-133

Conclusion In these books and others (see Related Reading), we find a richly varied portrayal of the wise/witch woman. Sometimes these women work alone, as inThe Earth Witch. Sometimes they work with a single apprentice, as in The Ghost Drum. At other times they live in community, as inSnow-Eyes. Sometimes their work is primarily beneficent, as inSnow-Eyes. Sometimes it is primarily evil, as inThe Earth Witch. And at other times it is a mixture, depending on what evokes the magic, as inThe Ghost Drum. Often these women possess simple herb lore; all three books feature main characters with this ability. Sometimes the abilities are more complex. They may be complex physical abilities. For example, Chingis inThe Ghost Drum can reinhabit and bring to a semblance of life a dead body. Sometimes the complex abilities are mental. Bronwen inThe Earth Witch is able to make Owen forget his friends and family, desiring only to be with her. An interesting feature of these powerful women is that their abilities are always limited in some way. InThe Ghost Drum, Chingis cannot write the spells of the drum. Bronwen inThe Earth Witch cannot prevent herself from growing old. And inSnow-Eyes, the servitors cannot call the rains unless they act together. In these fantasies and others published recently, we find an impressive array of abilities, making the witch/wise woman one of the most interesting characters in this genre. and a past president of the Wisconsin, and the National Council of Teachers of English. His most recent book isLooking at Picture Books (Highsmith Press), and his children's picture book,Princess Florecita and the Iron Shoes is forthcoming from Apple Soup Books.  相似文献   

Toward a Culinary Common Denominator: The Rise of Howard Johnson's, 1925–1940     

Warren J. Belasco 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》1979,2(3):503-518

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Response deprivation and response satiation as determinants of instrumental performance: Some data and theory     

C. Donald Heth  A. G. Warren 《Learning & behavior》1978,6(3):294-300

Sixteen human subjects were presented with an instrumental task in which pressing a button to produce a visual stimulus was followed by an auditory stimulus. Half of the subjects were assigned to a condition under which pressing the button at the subject’s operant level produced less of the auditory stimulus than the subject would normally choose to receive. For the others, pressing the button at operant level produced more of the auditory stimulus than the subject would choose. Subjects in the former condition showed increases in instrumental performance; those in the latter showed decreases. The results indicated that the rewarding or punishing effects of an event depend upon the relation of the instrumental contingency to the subject’s unconstrained behavior.  相似文献   

Book Reviews     

Paul W. F. Witt  Susan Meyer Markle  Marshall McLuhan  Glenn Hanson  Francis A. Cartier  Warren F. Seibert  Edwin B. Parker  Sidney C. Eboch  Thomas H. Guback  Malcolm L. Fleming  Philip Lewis  Eieanor Blum 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1964,12(2):213-227

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