Ethical engineers need not apply: the state of applied ethics today     

Caplan AL 《Science, technology & human values》1980,6(33):24-32

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The value and impact of information provided through library services for patient care: a systematic review   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Weightman AL  Williamson J;Library & Knowledge Development Network 《Health information and libraries journal》2005,22(1):4-25

OBJECTIVE: An updated systematic review was carried out of research studies looking at the value and impact of library services on health outcomes for patients and time saved by health professionals. METHODS: A comprehensive systematic search was undertaken of the published literature to September 2003 in ERIC, LISA, MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and Google. Some handsearching was carried out, reference lists were scanned and experts in the field were contacted. Twenty-eight research studies of professionally led libraries for health-care staff, including clinical librarian projects, met the inclusion criterion of at least one health or 'time saved' outcome. Papers were critically appraised using internationally accepted criteria. Data were extracted and results were summarised using a narrative format as the studies were heterogeneous and precluded a statistical analysis. RESULTS: There is evidence of impact from both traditional and clinical librarian services. The higher quality studies of traditional services measured impacts of 37-97% on general patient care, 10-31% on diagnosis, 20-51% on choice of tests, 27-45% on choice of therapy and 10-19% on reduced length of stay. Four studies of clinical librarian projects suggested that professionals saved time as a result of clinical librarian input, and two of these studies showed evidence of cost-effectiveness. However, the clinical librarian studies were generally smaller, with poorer quality standards. CONCLUSIONS: Research studies suggest that professionally led library services have an impact on health outcomes for patients and may lead to time savings for health-care professionals. The available studies vary greatly in quality but the better quality studies also suggest positive impacts. Good practice can be gathered from these studies to guide the development of a pragmatic survey for library services that includes the direct effects for patients among the outcome measures.  相似文献   

Development of finger-localization capacity in school children     

BENTON AL 《Child development》1955,26(4):225-230

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Dancers with patellar tendinopathy exhibit higher vertical and braking ground reaction forces during landing     

Fietzer AL  Chang YJ  Kulig K 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(11):1157-1163

Dancers are exposed to the effects of repetitive jumping and leaping as are other athletes that tend to develop patellar tendinopathy. Greater vertical ground reaction forces occur during landing from a dance leap than during takeoff and during other common athletic activities. The purposes of this study were: (1) to compare the landing ground reaction force profiles of participants with and without clinically diagnosed patellar tendinopathy, and (2) to determine the strength of the relationship between landing angle, and braking impulse. Eighteen elite pre-professional dancers (12 healthy, 6 with patellar tendinopathy; both groups 50% male) performed sauts de chat for kinetic and kinematic analysis. Dancers with patellar tendinopathy demonstrated greater peak vertical ground reaction force and impulse (36% and 15% greater, respectively). Dancers with patellar tendinopathy demonstrated greater peak braking ground reaction force and impulse (82% and 126% greater, respectively). Landing angle explained 67% of the braking impulse. Dancers with patellar tendinopathy exhibited greater vertical and braking impulses than healthy dancers. Braking impulse was strongly correlated with landing angle. While there was no difference between groups in landing angle, dancers with patellar tendinopathy exhibited greater braking impulse than their non-tendinopathic counterparts, even at similar landing angles.  相似文献   

世界期刊年龄的多角度比较与分析——基于乌利希期刊指南数据     

魏瑞斌  武夷山  袁军鹏 《科学学研究》2012,30(9):1301-1308

应用乌利希期刊指南数据,首先从整体上对世界期刊的年龄进行了分析;然后从期刊的国别、分类、语言、出版周期四个角度对世界期刊年龄的现状和我国期刊年龄的基本情况进行比较分析。研究发现:世界期刊的平均年龄是31岁,我国期刊的平均年龄为29岁,稍低于世界平均水平;从期刊年龄角度看,我国期刊在语言、类别、出版周期等都方面的布局都需要做一定的调整。  相似文献   

基于结构方程的学术期刊评价研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

俞立平  潘云涛  武夷山 《情报学报》2010,29(1)

本文利用中国科学技术信息研究所医学学术期刊数据,将指标分为影响力、时效性、期刊特征三个一级指标,它们之间存在两两相关关系,在此基础上建立结构方程进行模拟,计算出3个一级指标值并采用主观赋权法进行期刊的综合评价,取得了较好的结果.结构方程通过模拟期刊指标之间错综复杂的关系,可以对一些隐含指标进行估计,还可以进行指标的筛选,为科技评价提供了一种新的思路.同时要注意的是,基础数据的完备性和模型建立的科学性对评价结果的影响很大.  相似文献   

学术期刊评价目的与评价方法的关系研究     

俞立平  潘云涛  武夷山 《情报资料工作》2010,(6)

文章首先分析了学术期刊评价的四种目的,然后归纳了期刊评价的三种方法与过程体系.在此基础上,分析了二者的关系.  相似文献   

一本专门讨论科技期刊的译著《美国科技期刊》     

武夷山 《中国科技期刊研究》1990,1(2):11-11

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美国科技期刊如何求生存,谋发展？     

武夷山 《中国科技期刊研究》1996,7(2):53-53

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Framing processes in public commentary on US federal tobacco control regulation     

Roth AL  Dunsby J  Bero LA 《Social studies of science》2003,33(1):7-44

Governmental health policy officials increasingly seek to promote public participation in expert and technical decisions regarding health regulation. The issues of what r?le the public plays in regulatory processes, and how health policy officials orient to public opinion, matter especially in the US context, where public commentary is a requisite component of federal rule-making. This paper examines written commentary as one specific, institutionalized form of public participation. To understand the relationship between scientific evidence and public commentary in public health regulation, we examine a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation, proposed in 1995, to restrict the promotion and sale of tobacco products to minors. We use recent work on collective action frames to analyse how the FDA framed the proposed regulation as a rational, science-based policy; the discursive practices employed in the public commentary either to embrace or to contest the FDA's framing; and how the agency presented the final version of its rule as responsive to that public commentary. Our content analyses reveal a significant disparity between the FDA's emphasis on scientific evidence and the commentators' emphases on political and ideological frames, which we analyse in terms of counter-framing. An orientation to the dynamics of framing and counter-framing contributes to an understanding of the relationship between scientific evidence and public commentary in the formulation of controversial health policy regulations.  相似文献