Induced charge electro-osmotic concentration gradient generator     

Mranal Jain  Anthony Yeung    K. Nandakumar 《Biomicrofluidics》2010,4(1)

Biomolecule gradients play an important role in the understanding of various biological processes. Typically, biological cells are exposed to linear and nonlinear concentration gradients and their response is studied for understanding cell growth, cell migration, and cell differentiation mechanisms. Recent studies have demonstrated the use of microfluidic devices for precise and stable concentration gradient generation. However, most of the reported devices are geometrically complex and lack dynamic controllability. In this work, a novel microfluidic gradient generator is presented which utilizes the induced charge electro-osmosis (ICEO) by introducing conducting obstacle in the microchannel. With the ICEO flow component, significant transverse convection can be generated within the microchannel, which can, in turn, be used to create nonlinear as well as asymmetric gradients. The characteristics of the developed concentration gradient are dependent on the interplay between fixed charge electro-osmotic and ICEO flows. It is shown that the proposed device can switch between linear and nonlinear gradients by just altering the applied electric field. Finally, the formation of user-defined concentration profiles (linear, convex, and concave) is demonstrated by varying the conducting obstacle size.  相似文献   

Academics or entrepreneurs? Investigating role identity modification of university scientists involved in commercialization activity   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Sanjay Jain  Gerard George  Mark Maltarich   《Research Policy》2009,38(6):922-935

Establishing the microfoundations of academic entrepreneurship requires closer scrutiny of a key actor contributing to this phenomenon—the university scientist. We investigate the sense-making that scientists engage in as part of their participation in technology transfer and postulate that this process involves a potential modification in their role identity. We analyzed more than 70 h of interview data at a premier U.S. public research university. We observe that scientists invoke rationales for involvement that are congruent with their academic role identity. They typically adopt a hybrid role identity that comprises a focal academic self and a secondary commercial persona. We delineate two mechanisms – delegating and buffering – that these individuals deploy to facilitate such salience in their hybrid role identity. Overall, these patterns suggest that university scientists take active steps to preserve their academic role identity even as they participate in technology transfer. Our findings clarify the social psychological processes underlying scientist involvement in commercialization activity, and offer fresh insights to the academic entrepreneurship, science policy and role identity literatures.  相似文献   

Emerging Trend of Mutation Profile of rpoB Gene in MDR Tuberculosis, North India     

Jemil S. Makadia  Anju Jain  Surajeet Kumar Patra  B. L. Sherwal  Ashwani Khanna 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2012,27(4):370-374

The present study was conducted on North Indian population to observe rpoB gene mutation profile in multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This was an observational study. 30 cases of MDR-TB proven by culture and drug sensitivity were selected. DNA sequencing of 81 bp (codon 507–533) long RRDR of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was done to detect the sites of mutation. Out of 30 cases, 24 showed a single mutation in the RRDR region of rpoB gene in which 16 (53.33 %) showed mutation in codon 531(TCG→TTG), 5 cases (16.66 %) showed mutation in codon 526(CAC→TAC), mutation in codon 516(GAC→GTC, AAC) was present in 3 cases (10 %). It was also observed that mutation in more than one codon was present in 4 cases (13.33 %), which included deletion at codon 509(AGC→–GC), mutation at 513(CAA→CTA), 516, 526, 529(CGA→CTA) and 531. No mutation was detected in RRDR in 2 cases (6.66 %). Our finding of 13.33 % cases with multiple sites of mutation in RRDR region is in contrast to earlier studies done in North India which showed single mutation detected in RRDR of rpoB gene that highlights the emerging change in the trend of mutation profile of rpoB gene in rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.  相似文献   

ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool Children's Version (ICAST-C): Instrument development and multi-national pilot testing     

Adam J. Zolotor  Desmond K. Runyan  Michael P. Dunne  Dipty Jain  Helga R. Péturs  Clemencia Ramirez  Elena Volkova  Sibnath Deb  Victoria Lidchi  Tufail Muhammad  Oksana Isaeva 《Child abuse & neglect》2009,33(11):833-841

ObjectiveTo develop a child victimization survey among a diverse group of child protection experts and examine the performance of the instrument through a set of international pilot studies.MethodsThe initial draft of the instrument was developed after input from scientists and practitioners representing 40 countries. Volunteers from the larger group of scientists participating in the Delphi review of the ICAST P and R reviewed the ICAST C by email in 2 rounds resulting in a final instrument. The ICAST C was then translated and back translated into six languages and field tested in four countries using a convenience sample of 571 children 12–17 years of age selected from schools and classrooms to which the investigators had easy access.ResultsThe final ICAST C Home has 38 items and the ICAST C Institution has 44 items. These items serve as screeners and positive endorsements are followed by queries for frequency and perpetrator. Half of respondents were boys (49%). Endorsement for various forms of victimization ranged from 0 to 51%. Many children report violence exposure (51%), physical victimization (55%), psychological victimization (66%), sexual victimization (18%), and neglect in their homes (37%) in the last year. High rates of physical victimization (57%), psychological victimization (59%), and sexual victimization (22%) were also reported in schools in the last year. Internal consistency was moderate to high (alpha between .685 and .855) and missing data low (less than 1.5% for all but one item).ConclusionsIn pilot testing, the ICAST C identifies high rates of child victimization in all domains. Rates of missing data are low, and internal consistency is moderate to high. Pilot testing demonstrated the feasibility of using child self-report as one strategy to assess child victimization.Practice implicationsThe ICAST C is a multi-national, multi-lingual, consensus-based survey instrument. It is available in six languages for international research to estimate child victimization. Assessing the prevalence of child victimization is critical in understanding the scope of the problem, setting national and local priorities, and garnering support for program and policy development aimed at child protection.  相似文献   

A survey towards an integration of big data analytics to big insights for value-creation     

Mandeep Kaur Saggi  Sushma Jain 《Information processing & management》2018,54(5):758-790

Big Data Analytics (BDA) is increasingly becoming a trending practice that generates an enormous amount of data and provides a new opportunity that is helpful in relevant decision-making. The developments in Big Data Analytics provide a new paradigm and solutions for big data sources, storage, and advanced analytics. The BDA provide a nuanced view of big data development, and insights on how it can truly create value for firm and customer. This article presents a comprehensive, well-informed examination, and realistic analysis of deploying big data analytics successfully in companies. It provides an overview of the architecture of BDA including six components, namely: (i) data generation, (ii) data acquisition, (iii) data storage, (iv) advanced data analytics, (v) data visualization, and (vi) decision-making for value-creation. In this paper, seven V's characteristics of BDA namely Volume, Velocity, Variety, Valence, Veracity, Variability, and Value are explored. The various big data analytics tools, techniques and technologies have been described. Furthermore, it presents a methodical analysis for the usage of Big Data Analytics in various applications such as agriculture, healthcare, cyber security, and smart city. This paper also highlights the previous research, challenges, current status, and future directions of big data analytics for various application platforms. This overview highlights three issues, namely (i) concepts, characteristics and processing paradigms of Big Data Analytics; (ii) the state-of-the-art framework for decision-making in BDA for companies to insight value-creation; and (iii) the current challenges of Big Data Analytics as well as possible future directions.  相似文献   

A novel approach for part family formation using K-means algorithm     

Ashutosh Gupta  P.  K.  Jain Dinesh  Kumar 《上海大学学报(英文版)》2013,(3):241-250

The reconfigurable manufacturing system （RMS） is the next step in manufacturing, allowing the production of any quantity of highly customized and complex parts together with the benefits of mass production. In RMSs, parts are grouped into families, each of which requires a specific system configuration. Initially system is configured to produce the first family of parts. Once it is finished, the system will be reconfigured in order to produce the second family, and so forth. The effectiveness of a RMS depends on the formation of the optimum set of part families addressing various recon figurability issues. The aim of this work is to establish a methodology for grouping parts into families for effective working of RMS. The methodology carried out in two phases. In the first phase, the correlation matrix is used as similarity coefficient matrix. In the second phase, agglomerative hier archical Kmeans algorithm is used for the parts family for mation resulting in an optimum set of part families for reconfigurable manufacturing system.  相似文献   

Communication behavior and effectiveness of professionals in a research dissemination organization     

Nemi C. Jain 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2013,41(1):15-24

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Prediction of remdesivir resistance in COVID-19 illness: Need for development of clinical laboratory test     

Deepak Kumar  Sukhpreet Singh  Deepak Yadav  Sumanpreet Kaur  Monu Kumari  Samiksha Jain  Rajasri Bhattacharyya  Dibyajyoti Banerjee 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2021,36(4):498

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Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) Maintained Research Institutes’ Libraries in India: Towards Digitization and Networking     

P. K. Jain 《International Information and Library Review》2003,35(2-4):217

The Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) was established for development of social science research in India. It provides grants to 27 research institutes and six regional centers in India. These institutes have established close links with scholars in the region through activities such as seminars, workshops, training, and consultancy programs. Some of the institutes are closely associated with national and state level planning development agencies and have thereby strengthened the links between research and policy-making. The present study includes 22 institute libraries and three regional libraries in different Indian states. The study analyses their annual acquisition of books; periodicals; CD-ROMs; annual budgets; computerization; hardware and software; Internet; library network; and interlibrary loan and photocopy facilities available in these libraries. Digitization provides a solution to traditional library problems such as conservation, preservation, multimedia documents, and remote access to information, collection, and storage space. ICSSR institute libraries are replacing conventional storage and network systems with digital systems. The progress is a bit slow. Only a few ICSSR institute libraries are subscribing to electronic journals and having electronic documents. ICSSR institute libraries have started computerized operations and are making vigorous attempts to have digitized collections. However, these libraries are required to understand literature growth and use patterns in the social sciences.  相似文献   

Study of Oxidative Stress in Vitiligo     

Jain A  Mal J  Mehndiratta V  Chander R  Patra SK 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2011,26(1):78-81

Vitiligo is an idiopathic, acquired, circumscribed, hypomelanotic skin disorder, characterized by milky white patches of different sizes and shapes. It is due to the destruction of melanocytes resulting in the absence of pigment production of the skin and mucosal surfaces. Oxidative stress has been implicated in pathophysiology of vitiligo. To study the activity of blood Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in vitiligo patients. A case–control study was conducted in which 100 patients were enrolled after written consent. 50 cases were of active vitiligo and 50 served as control (25 healthy control and 25 with stable vitiligo). SOD—In our study, among the active vitiligo cases 90% had high level of SOD and 10% had normal level of SOD. Among the stable vitiligo controls, 92% had normal level of SOD and 8% had low levels of SOD.The difference between active vitiligo cases and stable vitiligo control as well as with healthy control was statistically significant (P value < 0.05). GPx—Among the active vitiligo cases 74% had normal GPx levels, 22% had low and only 4% had high levels of GPx. Among the stable vitiligo controls, 64% had normal GPx levels, 16% had low, and 20% had high levels of GPx. The difference between active vitiligo cases and stable vitiligo control as well as with healthy control was statistically not significant (P value > 0.05). Our study shows that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of vitiligo, as indicated by the high levels of serum superoxide dismutase activity.  相似文献