排序方式： 共有61条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Extending the testimony problem: evaluating the truth, scope, and source of cultural information 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Children's learning--in the domains of science and religion specifically, but in many other cultural domains as well--relies extensively on testimony and other forms of culturally transmitted information. The cognitive processes that enable such learning must also administrate the evaluation, qualification, and storage of that information, while guarding against the dangers of false or misleading input. Currently, the development of these appraisal processes is not clearly understood. Recent work, reviewed here, has begun to address three important dimensions of the problem: how children and adults evaluate truth in communication, how they gauge the inferential potential of information, and how they encode and evaluate its source. 相似文献
32.
This study examines the nature of differences in perceptions of decision making between patients and providers about use of epidural analgesia during labor. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns in written survey responses from 14 patients, 13 labor nurses, and 7 obstetrician–gynecologists. Results revealed patients attempted to place themselves in an informed role in decision making and sought respect for their decisions. Some providers demonstrated paternalism and a tendency to steer patients in the direction of their own preferences. Nurses observed various pressures on decision making, reinforcing the importance of patients being supported to make an informed choice. Differences in perceptions suggest need for improvement in communication and shared decision-making practices related to epidural analgesia use in labor. 相似文献
33.
Andrew Tudor Paul Weiss James F. Scott Douglas Brode William Kuhns Richard M. Blumenberg 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(4):42-44
Andrew Tudor's Image and Influence: Studies in the Sociology of Film (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1975---$17.95) Paul Weiss' Cinematics (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1975---$8.95) James F. Scott's Film: The Medium and the Maker (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975---$7.95 1 paper) Douglas Brode's Crossroads to the Cinema (Boston: Holbrook Press, 1975---price not given, paper) William Kuhns' The Moving Picture Book (Dayton, Ohio: Pflaum, 1975---price not given, paper) Richard M. Blumenberg's Critical Focus: An Introduction to Film (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, 1975---price not given, paper) Axel Madsen's The New Hollywood: American Movies in the 70s (New York: Crowell, 1975---$7.95) George Rehrauer's The Film User's Handbook: A Basic Manual for Managing Library Film Services (New York: Bowker, 1975---$14.95) 相似文献
34.
35.
36.
Adrian Lees Tudor Hale J. G. P. Williams ED Winter Ian M. Cockerill 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(1):69-70
Kinanthropometry III. Proceedings of the VIII Commonwealth and International Conference on Sport, Physical Education, Dance, Recreation and Health. T. Reilly, J. Watkins and J. Borms (eds), E. &; F.N. Spon, London, 1986, xii + 312 pp, £25 (hb), ISBN 0 419 13970 2 Sensible fitness. J.H. Wilmore, Human Kinetics, Champaign, Illinois, USA, 1986, xii + 300 pp, $11.95, ISBN 0 88011 270 0 Running without fear. K.H. Cooper, Bantam Books, London, 1985, 256 pp, £3.95, ISBN 0 553 17356 1 Athletic training and sports medicine. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Churchill Livingstone, Chicago, USA, 1986. viii + 602 pp, £40, ISBN 0 89203 002 X Athletics and the heart. R. Rost, Year Book Medical Publishers Inc., Chicago, 1987, vii+159 pp, £21.50 (pb), ISBN 0 8151 7397 0 Psychology and sociology of sport: current selected research, Volume 1. L.V. Velden and J.M. Humprey (eds), AMS Press, New York, 1986, ix + 237 pp, £49.50 (hb), ISBN 0 404 63401 X 相似文献
37.
Abstract Controversy surrounds the influence that caffeine has on accuracy and cognitive performance in precision activities such as shooting and archery. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of two doses of caffeine on shooting performance, reaction time, and target tracking times in the sport of clay target shooting. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design was undertaken by seven elite male shooters from the double-trap discipline. Three intervention trials (2 mg caffeine · kg?1 body mass (BM); 4 mg caffeine · kg?1 BM; placebo) were undertaken, in which shooters completed four rounds per trial of 50 targets per round. Performance accuracy (score) and digital video footage (for determination of reaction time and target tracking times) were gathered during competition. Data were analysed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. No differences in shooting accuracy, reaction time or target tracking times among the three intervention trials or across the four rounds within each intervention were observed (P > 0.05). The results indicate that ingestion of ≤4 mg caffeine · kg?1 BM does not provide performance benefits to elite performers of clay target shooting in the double-trap discipline. 相似文献
38.
Ursula Ferreira Julio Valéria Leme Gonçalves Panissa Bianca Miarka Monica Yuri Takito Emerson Franchini 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):212-218
Abstract In 2009, the International Judo Federation established a ranking system (RS) to classify athletes and to distribute the competitor quotas of the Olympic Games. However, the RS does not consider the home advantage. This issue has not been studied in judo, and its implications for the RS have not been determined. The objective was to verify the home advantage in judo in terms of winning a medal or the number of matches won. Therefore, 25 competitions that computed points for the RS in 2009 were analysed. Logistic regression analysis and the Poisson generalised linear model were used for the analyses, which included the relative quality of the athletes. The sample was composed only of athletes who had competed both at home and away. The odds ratio for winning medals was higher for athletes who competed at home for both males and females. The association between the number of matches won and competing at home was significant only for the male athletes. The home advantage was observed in the competitions that used the judo RS. Thus, it is likely that athletes from countries that host competitions using the RS have an advantage in terms of obtaining their Olympic classification. 相似文献
39.
Thomas Elbert Maggie Schauer Elisabeth Schauer Bianca Huschka Michael Hirth Frank Neuner 《Child abuse & neglect》2009,33(4):238-246
ObjectivesThe present study examined traumatic experiences, PTSD, and co-morbid symptoms in relation to neuropsychological and school performance in school children affected by two decades of civil war and unrest.MethodThe epidemiological survey of children's mental health included a representative sample of 420 school children. Local teachers were trained to administer a translation of the UCLA-PTSD Index Form. The instrument and the epidemiological findings were validated by assessment through clinical expert interview, school grades, and neuropsychological testing in a subsample (N = 67).ResultsNinety-two percent of the children surveyed had experienced severely traumatizing events such as combat, bombing, shelling, or witnessing the death of a loved one. Twenty-five percent met the criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD. Traumatized children reported lasting interference of experiences with their daily life, which was corroborated by memory testing, scores in school performance and ratings of social withdrawal. Depressive symptoms and poor physical health were frequent in these children. The majority of trained teachers achieved valid results in the structured interviews.ConclusionPerformance and functioning in children are related to the total load of traumatic events experienced. An important component of psychosocial programs in post-conflict areas should include increasing community-based awareness of the consequences of traumatic stress, both as a preventative measure and as a way of decreasing stigmatization of affected individuals. 相似文献
40.
Sleep Disturbance and Expressive Language Development in Preschool‐Age Children With Down Syndrome 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Jamie O. Edgin Ursula Tooley Bianca Demara Casandra Nyhuis Payal Anand Goffredina Spanò 《Child development》2015,86(6):1984-1998
Recent evidence has suggested that sleep may facilitate language learning. This study examined variation in language ability in 29 toddlers with Down syndrome (DS) in relation to levels of sleep disruption. Toddlers with DS and poor sleep (66%, n = 19) showed greater deficits on parent‐reported and objective measures of language, including vocabulary and syntax. Correlations between sleep and language were found in groups with equivalent medical and social backgrounds and after control for relevant behavioral comorbidities, including autism symptoms. These results emphasize the important role of quality sleep in all children's expressive language development, and may help increase our understanding of the etiology of language deficits in developmental disorders, potentially leading to new treatment approaches. 相似文献