Teachers’ Perceptions of Professional Incompetence and Barriers to the Dismissal Process     

Brendan P. Menuey 《Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education》2005,18(4):309-325

The problem of teacher incompetence is a serious one, affecting large numbers of American public school students. There is a significant discrepancy between estimated rates of incompetent teachers and the number of teachers actually dismissed on grounds of incompetence. This study sought to uncover the perceptions of teachers regarding a definition of professional incompetence, strategies used with incompetent teachers, and barriers to the dismissal process, through the use of a survey with more than 200 elementary school teachers in Virginia and follow-up interviews with seven of these participants. The researcher found that teachers rated classroom behaviors to be the most important factors towards a definition of professional incompetence. The teachers involved also rated the commonness of strategies used with incompetent teachers, placing dismissal among the least common actions taken by administrators, and revealed that they believed union protection, legal and other expenses, and difficulty providing documentation prevented administrators from dismissing incompetent teachers.  相似文献   

Peeling Back the Layers of Policy and School Reform: Revealing the structural and social complexities within     

Haley Woodside‐Jiron  Kristin M. Gehsmann 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2009,56(1):49-72

This article explores the complex process of school change over a six‐year period in one high‐poverty, urban elementary school in a northeastern city of the United States. The school included in this instrumental case study was identified by its State Department of Education as “being in need of improvement” in March 2000. Findings suggest that creating opportunities for context‐based solutions, curricular coherence, and responsive and consistent coaching were the necessary means for leveraging change at this school. Further, responding to the layers and iterations of educational policy, and addressing the deeper social issues intimately associated with serving high‐poverty communities, was essential. We identify policy issues that contributed to the complexity of this school’s improvement efforts. Our analysis extends beyond surface‐level documentation of the school’s inputs and outputs, and illustrates what it means to meet individual students’ needs in complex social and institutional spaces. We also discuss social justice issues that are linked with current policies targeting improved outcomes for all children.  相似文献   

Examining the effects of computer-based scaffolds on novice teachers’ reflective journal writing     

Guolin Lai  Brendan Calandra 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2010,58(4):421-437

This study employed an explanatory mixed methods design to examine the effects of two computer-based scaffolds on novice teachers’ reflective journal writing. The context for the study was an attempt to refine the reflective writing component of a large scale electronic portfolio system. Quantitative results indicated that the computer-based scaffolds significantly enhanced the participants’ reflective journal writing as well as the length of their written artifacts. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed that there was a positive relationship between the highest level of reflection and the length of journal writing. Three factors gleaned from qualitative data helped explain how and why the scaffolds enhanced participants’ reflective thinking, including (a) the specific requirements conveyed in the scaffolds; (b) the structure of the scaffolds; and (c) the use of the critical incidents to anchor reflective journal writing. It is hoped that the analyses and results of the current study can help inform others on how to leverage the affordances of computer-based scaffolds to augment reflective practice in technology-enhanced educational systems.  相似文献   

Effects of timing of signal indicating jump directions on knee biomechanics in jump-landing-jump tasks     

Mitchell L. Stephenson  Taylour J. Hinshaw  Haley A. Wadley  Qin Zhu  Margaret A. Wilson  Mark Byra 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2018,17(1):67-82

A variety of the available time to react (ATR) has been utilised to study knee biomechanics during reactive jump-landing tasks. The purpose was to quantify knee kinematics and kinetics during a jump-land-jump task of three possible directions as the ATR was reduced. Thirty-four recreational athletes performed 45 trials of a jump-land-jump task, during which the direction of the second jump (lateral, medial or vertical) was indicated before they initiated the first jump, the instant they initiated the first jump, 300 ms before landing, 150 ms before landing or at the instant of landing. Knee joint angles and moments close to the instant of landing were significantly different when the ATR was equal to or more than 300 ms before landing, but became similar when the ATR was 150 ms or 0 ms before landing. As the ATR was decreased, knee moments decreased for the medial jump direction, but increased for the lateral jump direction. When the ATR is shorter than an individual’s reaction time, the movement pattern cannot be pre-planned before landing. Knee biomechanics are dependent on the timing of the signal and the subsequent jump direction. Precise control of timing and screening athletes with low ATR are suggested.  相似文献   

Human Trafficking: Preparing Counselors to Work with Survivors     

Jenae Thompson  Melinda Haley 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2018,40(3):298-309

The global crisis of human trafficking involves the exploitation of people for personal gain and affects millions. Survivors often present with symptoms that are not identifiable to untrained clinicians. In this article, we discuss the importance for counselor training, as well as counselor self-efficacy and competency in addressing the needs of human trafficking survivors.  相似文献   

Integrating structural tensions into technological innovation systems analysis: Application to the case of transmission interconnections and renewable electricity in Nova Scotia,Canada     

Brendan Haley 《Research Policy》2018,47(6):1147-1160

This paper augments the technological innovation systems (TIS) framework to provide policy guidance on how to manage interactions between a core technology and its larger sectoral context. A TIS development cycle is presented that combines the TIS framework’s ability to clearly illuminate policy gaps with Erik Dahmén’s idea that technological diffusion creates structural tensions that introduce transformation pressure. This pressure can result in stagnation and unrealized development potential or spur sectoral complementarities and the evolution of a TIS into a larger “development block” of interlinked technological systems. Integrating structural tensions into TIS analysis highlights how the evolution of a focal technology induces technological complementarities and creates a need to continuously re-design policies. This underscores the continued benefit of a technology system perspective, even as a technology matures.The revised TIS framework is applied to a case study of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia that explores how variable renewable electricity diffusion introduces structural tensions with existing electricity grids, requiring the use of complementary technologies that add storage and flexibility. Nova Scotia aggressively developed wind energy and built a high-voltage direct-current transmission line to import hydroelectricity that could back-up variable renewable energy sources like wind.  相似文献   

Social validation: a motivational theory of doping in an online bodybuilding community     

Brendan Hutchinson  Stephen Moston  Terry Engelberg 《Sport in Society》2018,21(2):260-282

Abstract

Doping research has predominantly been framed through an ethical lens, implicitly restricted to the realms of elite sport. Despite increasing anecdotal evidence of growing prevalence rates amongst recreational athletes, such as bodybuilders, these populations have largely been neglected within psychological research. This study aims to develop a theoretical framework relevant to these athletes. Data were collected over a five-month period from an online community forum dedicated to recreational bodybuilders. Purposive sampling was used to gather 118 webpages of doping-related discussion, which were qualitatively analysed using grounded theory applying Strauss’s coding paradigm. Inductive categories were integrated into a motivational framework that related recreational doping to social validation. Categories included the online community’s rite of passage, normative-inferences that facilitated doping, and deterrence factors related to fear of perceived health risks. Findings demonstrate that, for recreational bodybuilders, psychosocial processes are significantly related to doping motives, and that health factors are primary doping deterrents.  相似文献   

Validity and reliability of kick count and rate in freestyle using inertial sensor technology     

Sacha K. Fulton  David B. Pyne  Brendan Burkett 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1051-1058

Abstract

In freestyle swimming the arm action is routinely quantified by stroke count and rate, yet no method is currently available for quantifying kick. In this study, we assessed the validity and reliability of inertial sensor technology (gyroscope) to assess kick count and rate. Twelve Paralympic swimmers completed a 100-m freestyle-swimming time-trial and freestyle kicking-only time-trial three times each in a season. An algorithm was developed to detect the up and down beat of individual kicks from the gyroscope trace. For comparative purposes, underwater video analysis provided the criterion measure. The standard error of the estimate (validity) for kick count, expressed as a coefficient of variation, was 5.9% (90% confidence interval 5.5 to 6.4) for swimming, and 0.6% (0.5 to 0.6) for kicking-only trials. The mean bias for kick count was ?1.7% (?2.4 to ?1.1) for swimming, and ?0.1% (?0.2 to ?0.1) for kicking-only trials. Correlations between the sensor and video for kick count were 0.96 (0.95 to 0.97) for swimming, and 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) for kicking-only trials. The typical error of the measurement (reliability) between trials was approximately 4% for kick count and rate. The inertial sensors and associated software used generated sufficient validity and reliability estimates to quantify moderate to large changes in kick count and rate in freestyle swimming.  相似文献   

Which drop jump technique is most effective at enhancing countermovement jump ability, “countermovement” drop jump or “bounce” drop jump?     

Brendan Michael Marshall  Kieran Andrew Moran 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1368-1374

Abstract

The drop jump is a popular form of plyometric exercise often undertaken to enhance countermovement jump ability (jump height). Despite its popularity the effects of drop jump training on countermovement jump height are often inconsistent. Such inconsistencies may be as a result of differences in the drop jump technique being employed. Two recognised forms of drop jump are the “countermovement” drop jump and the “bounce” drop jump and the current study examined the effects of eight weeks of training with these drop jump techniques on countermovement jump height. Methods: A kinetic and kinematic analysis of each participant's countermovement jump, bounce- and countermovement drop jumps was undertaken prior to training. Participants were then randomly assigned to a bounce drop jump training group (n = 34), a countermovement drop jump training group (n = 35) or a control group (n = 34). Changes in jump height were examined following training. Results: The countermovement drop jump training group increased their countermovement jump height by 2.9 cm (6%), which was a significant change (P < 0.05) in comparison to that experienced by the bounce drop jump (-0.2 cm, -0.4%) and the control group (-0.1 cm, 0.2%). Conclusion: The countermovement drop jump may be more effective than the bounce drop jump at enhancing countermovement jump height.  相似文献   

Bridge21: teamwork,technology and learning. A pragmatic model for effective twenty-first-century team-based learning     

John Lawlor  Claire Conneely  Elizabeth Oldham  Kevin Marshall  Brendan Tangney 《Technology, Pedagogy and Education》2018,27(2):211-232

There have been calls for decades by many educational writers and commentators for a new model of learning to facilitate what is generally described as twenty-first-century learning. Central to this challenge is the required shift in responsibility for who leads and owns the learning – from teacher to student. Such a shift requires a pragmatic pedagogical model to facilitate the transfer of control and ownership of learning. Vygotsky’s ‘more able other’ identified the peer as a key figure in learning. Teamwork facilitates project-based learning and, when mediated with technology, proves an effective partner in creating an engaging and autonomous learning experience. This paper describes the rationale for the design of a team-based model of twenty-first-century learning, particularly drawing upon the team-based learning model of the World Scout Movement. Results from a year-long study of the implementation of the model in an out-of-school context with 288 second-level students are presented. The authors argue that Bridge21 is a candidate learning model for effective, implementable, twenty-first-century, team-based learning.  相似文献