Collaborative Research: Policy and the Management of Knowledge Creation in UK Universities     

David Smith 《Higher Education Quarterly》2001,55(2):131-157

Collaboration in research activity is now the rule not the exception. It is encouraged by government, funding bodies and research councils. However, the concept of collaboration is difficult to define. It occurs at many different levels, driven by a complex research system-policy dynamic. Three different models of collaboration – inter-personal, team and corporate – are identified, each with their own rationale, structure, benefits and costs. The paper examines the institutional implications of these models. It argues that institutions and individual researchers conceptualise and operationalise research collaboration in different ways. Although vital to institutional mission, collaborative research is rarely mapped by senior managers with any precision. In general, institutional approaches to the management of collaborative research lag behind the policy rhetoric. The paper concludes with an overview of the key dilemmas for institutional strategists and policy makers posed by the shift towards more collaborative approaches to research.  相似文献   

Computers in Third World schools: the example of China     

David Hawkridge 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1990,21(1):4-20

The introduction to this article discusses a dilemma facing many Third World countries: should they place computers in their schools and, if so, for what purposes? The author outlines four common rationales—the Social, Vocational, Pedagogical and Catalytic—and refers to two less common ones—the Information Technology Industry and Cost-effectiveness Rationales. The main text describes policy in China at national level, and analyses policy and practice in Beijing City and Zhejiang Province. The paper is based on an international co-operative study of computers in African, Asian and Arabic- speaking schools, funded by the Harold Macmillan Trust.  相似文献   

Archiving metadata forum: Report from the Recordkeeping Metadata Working Meeting, June 2000     

David A. Wallace 《Archival Science》2001,1(3):253-269

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Children's skill in making predictions and their understanding of what predicting means: A developmental study     

Margaret McNay  Kathleen W. Melville 《科学教学研究杂志》1993,30(6):561-577

The purpose of this study was to describe the development of elementary students' skill in making predictions and of their understanding of what predicting means. The study involved observing and assessing the performance of 167 children on the Physical Manipulation Test (PMT), a test involving the manipulation of science materials and equipment. Children were interviewed about what they understand predicting to mean, how they use it at school and at home, and why they think it is important. For each of the seven topics tested, even the youngest children were able to offer predictions. Accuracy varied with the topic, increasing between Grades 1 and 4 and leveling off after that. The increase in skill involved children's growing ability to attend to patterns discerned through their own observations. Four levels in the development of predicting skill, as it relates to particular topics, are described. Children's understanding of predicting showed steady improvement through Grade 6. Children's awareness of their use of predicting at school and at home, and their ability to explain the importance of predicting, also increased through Grades 1 to 6, with a spurt at Grade 4. Children understood predicting to be an internal process in which one uses knowledge to anticipate a future event; they regarded predicting as an important way of being intellectually involved with the world.  相似文献   

International co-production of distance-teaching courses     

Jacquetta Megarry  David Hawkridge 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1993,24(1):4-11

Co-production occurs when two or more institutions contribute funds and labour to the processes of making course components for distance teaching. The author summarises reasons for international co-production of multimedia distance-teaching courses and provides a checklist of questions that should be considered before entering upon such co-production.
The second half of the article consists of a composite case study based on the UK's Open University experience of international co-production. The paper ends with three questions: Is international co-production of this kind worth trying? Can the chances of success be made high enough by careful planning to justify risking capital in such ventures? Are other forms of collaboration more likely to be cost-effective?  相似文献   

Children are not Meant to be Studied …     

W. A. HART 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》1993,27(1):17-27

The project of studying children in order to understand them, which lies at the heart of contemporary thinking about children and their education, is misconceived. It rests, jrst of all, upon a false belief that we can only come to know something properly by deliberately and systematically pursuing knowledge of it. Secondly, it offers a paradigm of knowing children which justifies parents and teachers in not giving themselves to children. By re-interpreting the problems that adults experience with children as technical, as arising from lack of information about them, it ignores the personal and moral dimension of adults' relations with children and thus further alienates them from one another.  相似文献   

"新科棋后"许昱华     

黄维  David 《文化交流》2006,(4):50-52

她是世界上惟一一位集奥赛、世界杯和世锦赛三项冠军于一身的棋手,也是继谢军、诸宸之后的第三位世界“棋后”,她的名字叫许昱华。  相似文献   

What Assessment and Research Say About the Condition of Education     

Gerald W. Bracey 《Educational Measurement》1992,11(4):5-6

Do students today know less than their parents or grandparents did as students? Are they being academically outclassed by students of other nations? Or have ideologically driven policy makers painted an unnecessarily negative picture of student achievement?  相似文献   

Communication as a reflection of, and a source for, values in health.     

David H Smith 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》1988,16(1):29-38

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Chaos theory, informational needs, and natural disasters   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Timothy L. Sellnow  Matthew W. Seeger  Robert R. Ulmer 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2002,30(4):269-292

This study applies chaos theory to a system-wide analysis of crisis communication in a natural disaster. Specifically, we analyze crisis communication during the 1997 Red River Valley flood in Minnesota and North Dakota. This flood, among the worst in modern American history, consumed entire metropolitan areas, displacing thousands of people. The conditions and decisions leading to the disaster, and the subsequent reactions are retraced. Communication related to river crest predictions (fractals), the shock at the magnitude of the crisis (cosmology episode), novel forms of reorganizing (self-organization), and agencies that aided in establishing a renewed order (strange attractors) are evaluated. Ultimately, we argue that preexisting sensemaking structures favoring rationalized, traditional views of a complex system led officials to make inappropriately unequivocal predictions and ultimately diminished the effectiveness of the region's crisis communication and planning.  相似文献