Development and Validation of a Scale to Assess Students’ Attitude towards Animal Welfare     

Beatriz Mazas  Mª Rosario Fernández Manzanal  Francisco Javier Zarza  Gustavo Adolfo María 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(11):1775-1799

This work presents the development of a scale of attitudes of secondary-school and university students towards animal welfare. A questionnaire was drawn up following a Likert-type scale attitude assessment model. Four components or factors, which globally measure animal welfare, are proposed to define the object of the attitude. The components are animal abuse for pleasure or due to ignorance (C1), leisure with animals (C2), farm animals (C3) and animal abandonment (C4). The final version of the questionnaire contains 29 items that are evenly distributed among the four components indicated, guaranteeing that each component is one-dimensional. A sample of 329 students was used to validate the scale. These students were aged between 11 and 25, and were from secondary schools in Aragon and the University in Zaragoza (Aragon's main and largest city, located in NE Spain). The scale shows good internal reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.74. The questionnaire was later given to 1,007 students of similar levels and ages to the sample used in the validation, the results of which are presented in this study. The most relevant results show significant differences in gender and level of education in some of the components of the scale, observing that women and university students rate animal welfare more highly.  相似文献   

The Freirean factor     

Gustavo Fischman  Sandra Sales 《International Studies in Sociology of Education》2013,23(4):438-444

ABSTRACT

Why bother thinking about Freire today? Who cares about the accuracy or lack of it in the translation of his books? In 2018 after 50 years of the original publication of Pedagogy of the Oppressed, there is a large industry of people profiting from translating and repeating Freire’s ideas – we are well aware that this text is another small contribution to such industry – but we firmly believe that contemporary social scientists could greatly benefit from reflecting about Freire’s long-term powerful conceptual, pedagogical, and political impact, and in particular about the role of translations in the social sciences.  相似文献   

Criterion-related validity of the 20-m shuttle run test in youths aged 13–19 years     

Jonatan R. Ruiz  Gustavo Silva  Norton Oliveira  José C. Ribeiro  Jose F. Oliveira  Jorge Mota 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):899-906

Abstract

We assessed the agreement between maximal oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O_2max) measured directly when performing the 20-m shuttle run test and estimated [Vdot]O_2max from five different equations (i.e. Barnett, equations a and b; Léger; Matsuzaka; and Ruiz) in youths. The 20-m shuttle run test was performed by 26 girls (mean age 14.6 years, s = 1.5; body mass 57.2 kg, s = 8.9; height 1.60 m, s = 0.06) and 22 boys (age 15.0 years, s = 1.6; body mass 63.5 kg, s = 11.5; height 1.70 m, s = 0.01). The participants wore a portable gas analyser (K4b2, Cosmed) to measure [Vdot]O₂ during the test. All the equations significantly underestimated directly measured [Vdot]O_2max, except Barnett's (b) equation. The mean difference ranged from 1.3 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1 (Barnett (b)) to 5.5 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1 (Léger). The standard error of the estimate ranged from 5.3 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1 (Ruiz) to 6.5 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1 (Léger), and the percentage error ranged from 21.2% (Ruiz) to 38.3% (Léger). The accuracy of the equations available to estimate [Vdot]O_2max from the 20-m shuttle run test is questionable at the individual level. Furthermore, special attention should be paid when comparisons are made between studies (e.g. population-based studies) using different equations. The results of the present study suggest that Barnett's (b) equation provides the closest agreement with directly measured [Vdot]O_2max (cardiorespiratory fitness) in youth.  相似文献   

Protective effects of therapeutic cold and heat against the oxidative damage induced by a muscle strain injury in rats     

Nélson Carvalho  Gustavo Puntel  Philipe Correa  Priscila Gubert  Guilherme Amaral  Jefferson Morais 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):923-935

Abstract

The mechanisms of action of physical agents commonly used to treat skeletal muscle lesions are not well understood. In this study, we examined whether the modulation of oxidative stress is involved in the beneficial effects of cold and heat on gastrocnemius muscle strain injury. Adult male Wistar rats were submitted to a strain injury and treated with therapeutic agents in an isolated or combined form. Strain damage caused an increase in muscle and blood oxidative damage. We suggest that this oxidative damage might be related to the impairment of the muscle cell structure, since we observed a significant positive correlation between increased plasma creatine kinase activity and both oxidized dichlorofluoresceine and lipid peroxidation levels in muscle and blood. The intensity of the inflammatory response appears also to be an important factor in the genesis of oxidative damage immediately following a muscle strain injury. Therapeutic cold seems to be more effective in preventing the damage induced by a strain injury, possibly due to its capacity to control the impairment of muscle cell structure and to modulate the intensity of the inflammatory response that follows a muscle strain injury.  相似文献   

Maternal warmth and prosocial behaviors among low-SES adolescents: Considering interactions between empathy and moral conviction     

Alexandra N. Davis  Gustavo Carlo 《Journal of moral education》2020,49(2):226-240

ABSTRACT

The study examined the links among maternal warmth and adolescents’ empathic concern, moral conviction and prosocial behaviors. Participants were 311 adolescents from a low-income community (M age = 16.10 years; range = 14–19 years; 58.7% girls; 82.7% white; 13.6% Latinx). The results demonstrated that maternal warmth was positively associated with adolescents’ empathic concern and moral conviction. Empathic concern was positively associated with three common forms of prosocial behaviors, and moral conviction was positively associated with four types of prosocial behaviors. Empathic concern and moral conviction also interacted to predict selfishly and selflessly motivated prosocial behaviors. Discussion will focus on the role of maternal warmth in fostering sociomoral tendencies.  相似文献   

Greater basal skeletal muscle AMPKα phosphorylation in men than in women: Associations with anaerobic performance     

Amelia Guadalupe-Grau  Lorena Rodríguez-García  Rafael Torres-Peralta  David Morales-Álamo  Jesús Gustavo Ponce-González  Ismael Pérez-Suarez 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(4):455-464

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the association of gender, fibre type composition, and anaerobic performance with the basal skeletal muscle signalling cascades regulating muscle phenotype. Design: Muscle biopsies were obtained from 25 men and 10 women all young and healthy. Methods. Protein phosphorylation of Thr¹⁷²AMPKα, Ser²²¹ACCβ, Thr²⁸⁶CaMKII as well as total protein abundance of PGC-1α, SIRT1, and CnA were measured by Western blot and anaerobic performance by the Wingate test. Results: Percent type I myosin heavy chain (MHC I) was lower in men (37.1?±?10.4 vs. 58.5?±?12.5, P?P?P?221ACCβ and Thr²⁸⁶CaMKII fractional phosphorylation tended to be higher in men (P?=?.1). PGC1-α and SIRT1 total protein expression was similar in men and women, whereas CnA tended to be higher in men (P?=?.1). Basal AMPKα phosphorylation was linearly related to the percentage of MHC I in men (r?=?0.56; P?Conclusion: In summary, skeletal muscle basal AMPKα phosphorylation is higher in men compared to women, with no apparent effect on anaerobic performance.  相似文献   

Acute modification in plasma lipid levels in ultramarathon runners     

Luiz Gustavo Marin Emed  Daniela Gunther Passaglia  Surya T. Guerios  Paula G. D. João  André I. S. Moser  Dulcinéia S. P. Abdalla 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(17):1657-1661

We aimed to evaluate the effects of a 24-h ultramarathon, an aerobic test of high physical load, on lipid profile and apolipoproteins B (ApoB) and A1 (ApoA1) levels, minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and oxidised LDL. Prospective evaluation of 16 male athletes who participated in an ultramarathon run, where the objective was to run the greatest distance possible in 24 h. Fourteen participants completed the run. The mean distance achieved was 133.1 km (maximum of 169.6 km). There was a trend in reduction of triglycerides and total cholesterol (P = 0.06 and 0.05, respectively), without significant modifications in high-density lipoprotein, LDL and ApoA1 levels (P = 0.16; 0.55 and 0.67). There was a marked reduction in ApoB levels (P < 0.001), correlated directly to the distance covered (Pearson R = 0.68). Accordingly, an increase in the LDL/ApoB ratio was observed. The stress of this physical activity was not associated to an increase in minimally modified LDL or oxidised LDL. Lipid profile levels were not acutely altered by prolonged physical activity. Similarly, there was no evidence of greater oxidation of LDL over a 24-h period of physical activity. The reduction in ApoB was directly proportional to the distance covered, suggesting an acute positive change in phenotype of LDL molecules.  相似文献   

Intervention in fluency problems in pupils with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) / Intervención en problemas de fluidez en alumnado con Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje (TEL)     

Víctor Acosta  Gustavo Ramírez-Santana  Sergio Hernández 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2016,39(3):466-498

The aim of this research has been to prove the efficacy of an intervention programme on the problems of phonetic and semantic fluency and mazes in narrative discourse in children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI). The sample consisted of 34 children diagnosed with SLI and 34 children with normal language development. For the selection of the sample, the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF-3), Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Hearing Association and the Visual Association subtests of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA), and the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT) were used. Performance in phonemes (F, A & S), semantic fluency (animals) and the appearance of mazes or repairs in a narrative task were also evaluated. The intervention programme consisted of 72 sessions of 15 minutes each, using phonetic and semantic fluency activities with phonetic and semantic clues. Differences between groups were statistically significant in repetitions and false connectors.  相似文献   

Effect of the level of effort during resistance training on intraocular pressure     

Jesús Vera  Beatríz Redondo  Alejandro Torrejón  Carlos Gustavo De Moraes  Amador García-Ramos 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(3):394-401

Background: We aimed to evaluate the influence of the level of effort during four basic resistance exercises leading to muscular failure on intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular perfusion (OPP), as well as the role of exercise type and sex. Methods: Twenty-five young adults (12 women) performed 10 repetitions against their 10-RM (repetition maximum) load in the squat, military press, biceps curl and calf raise exercises. IOP was measured before, during and after exercise, whereas OPP was indirectly assessed before and after each exercise. Results: There was a progressive IOP rise during exercise (p?η²?=?0.531), which was dependent on exercise type (p?=?0.020, η²?=?0.125). The squat exercise induced higher IOP increments in comparison to the other exercises (corrected p-values?p-values?=?0.012 and 0.002). OPP exhibited a significant reduction when leading to muscular failure (p?=?0.001, η²?=?0.364), being statistically significant for the squat and military press exercises (corrected p-values?=?0.037 and 0.047). No effect of sex was found for IOP and OPP (p?>?0.05). Conclusions: A single set of resistance training leading to muscular failure causes an instantaneous and progressive IOP rise in healthy young individuals. These IOP rises depend on exercise type (squat?>?military press?=?biceps curl?>?calf raise), but not on participant´s sex. OPP diminished as a consequence of performing resistance training exercise, being statistically significant for the squat and military press exercises. Future studies should include glaucoma patients aiming to corroborate the generalizability of our findings.  相似文献   

Why not going back to modernity after postmodernity? Revisiting the thought of Jean-Jacques Rousseau     

Gustavo Araújo Batista 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2018,50(14)

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