青少年乒乓运动员的焦虑和运动成绩关系     

Cristina Akiko Iizuka　Welber Marinovic　Afonso Antonio Machado　Luiz Henrique Porto Vilani 《体育科研》2005,26(3):73-75

多维焦虑理论认为认知和躯体焦虑对运动成绩会产生不同的影响.根据这个理论,运动员在赛前具有较高的认知焦虑水平或躯体焦虑水平出现极端值(过高或过低)或自信心较低时,他们将取得较差的运动成绩.先前的研究还认为焦虑与运动成绩间的关系还取决于所要完成动作的特点.不同的运动技能有各自最佳的焦虑水平.总的来说,焦虑水平较高有利于完成体力消耗较大的运动项目.而焦虑水平较低时,则有利于完成精确类项目.就乒乓球项目而言,它既需要体力又需要精确性,因此,本研究调查分析了乒乓球运动员赛前焦虑水平与运动成绩间的关系.研究对象3 6名青少年乒乓球运动员,男、女运动员各1 8名,平均年龄为12.28±0.74岁.研究方法采用运动竞赛状态焦虑量表(CSAI-2C).让运动员在参加地区赛第一场比赛的赛前30分填写问卷.研究结果认知状态焦虑水平不能用来预测运动员的成绩.获胜运动员和失利运动员赛前的躯体状态焦虑和自信心没有差异.这表明本研究没有支持多维焦虑理论的假设,或许是乒乓球运动的特点和运动员的个体差异比运动员的焦虑水平对运动成绩的影响更大.因此,如果运动员的个人特点与他们的技术风格相适应,不同焦虑水平的运动员都可能取得好成绩.  相似文献   

Development of a Measure to Assess Youth Self-reported Experiences of Activity Settings (SEAS)     

Gillian King  Beata Batorowicz  Patty Rigby  Margot McMain-Klein  Laura Thompson  Madhu Pinto 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2014,61(1):44-66

There is a need for psychometrically sound measures of youth experiences of community/home leisure activity settings. The 22-item Self-Reported Experiences of Activity Settings (SEAS) captures the following experiences of youth with a Grade 3 level of language comprehension or more: Personal Growth, Psychological Engagement, Social Belonging, Meaningful Interactions, and Choice & Control. Forty-five youth aged 14–23 years (10 with severe disabilities) completed the SEAS in 160 leisure activity settings. The SEAS has good to excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha from 0.71 to 0.88) and moderate test–retest reliability (mean scale intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.68), as expected due to changes in activity settings over time. The SEAS was able to differentiate various types of activity settings and participation partners. The SEAS can be used to gain greater understanding of situation-specific experiences of youth participating in various types of recreation and leisure activity settings, including youth with different types of disabilities and those without disabilities.  相似文献   

The Establishment of the Qatar National Olympic Committee: Building the National Sport Identity     

Luis Henrique Rolim Silva 《国际体育史杂志》2014,31(3):306-319

This paper examines the process of the establishment of the Qatar National Olympic Committee (QOC) in the late 1970s as part of a nation-building process. Qatar was one of the British protectorates in the Gulf region having its international relations controlled by Britain. On September 3, 1971, the country's Heir Apparent appeared on local TV and announced Qatar's independence. In the following years, the new Amir started a campaign of nation-building. Sport played an important part in this campaign, facilitating the formation of a national identity. Meanwhile, sports federations in Qatar began to apply for membership of their respective International Federations (IFs). In order to send athletes to the Olympics, the QOC was established in 1979 and it was recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1980. The primary written sources used in this paper are official documents from the IOC, the IFs and the Official Gazette of the State of Qatar. The establishment of the QOC can be seen as part of the process of nation-building experienced by Qatar after its independence. International sports events were used to win international recognition, and investments in infrastructure, sports facilities and elite sport were seen by the Qatar government as an important approach to boost the country's international representation. However, in order to join the Olympic movement and raise Qatar's national flag at international sporting events, the QOC had to revise its Constitution to meet all the requirements of the IOC.  相似文献   

Longitudinal associations between motor competence and different physical activity intensities: LabMed physical activity study     

Luís Lopes  Jorge Augusto Pinto Silva Mota  Carla Moreira  Sandra Abreu  Cesar Agostinis Sobrinho  José Oliveira-Santos 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(3):285-290

An appropriated level of motor competence is essential for children´s healthy growth and development and a key factor in the promotion of lifelong active lifestyles and health.

The purpose of this study was to examine associations between motor competence and different physical activity intensities (light, moderate, moderate-to-vigorous and vigorous physical activity), as well as total physical activity, over a two-year period, in adolescents. The sample comprised of 103 adolescents (13.49 ± 0.87 years, 53 girls), from the north of Portugal. Motor competence was evaluated with the body coordination test, Körperkoordination-Test-für-Kinder. Physical activity was objectively assessed with GT1M accelerometers (ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL, USA). Physical activity variables were expressed as proportions of accelerometer wear time. Regression analyses showed positive longitudinal associations between motor competence at baseline and moderate physical activity (B = 0.0033, p = 0.018), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (B = 0.0052, p = 0.024) and total physical activity (B = 0.067, p = 0.040) at follow up, after adjustments for age, sex, the corresponding physical activity intensity at baseline, body mass index, pubertal stage and socioeconomic status. Our ?ndings highlight the importance of motor competence development to promote moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during adolescence.  相似文献   

EDLE: an integrated tool to foster entrepreneurial skills development in engineering education     

Elzo Alves Aranha  Paulo Henrique dos Santos  Neuza Abbud Prado Garcia 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2018,66(6):1571-1599

Academic papers on entrepreneurship in engineers’ education have been growing in the last decades. However, studies on entrepreneurship in engineering have not sought to analyze how entrepreneurship education, in connection to active learning, design thinking, and Bloom’s Taxonomy, inserted in an integrated way, as a tool, might help the process of engineering students’ entrepreneurial skills development. Thus, this study has the goal to propose an integrated tool, linked to the principles of entrepreneurship education, active learning, design thinking, and Bloom’s Taxonomy, to foster engineering students’ entrepreneurial skills development. The tool, called Entrepreneurial Dynamic Learning, is operationalized and validated in a 2-year case study in a Brazilian public university. The study also produces practical implications, and five are highlighted: (1) at the level of governments and policy makers; (2) engineering scientific associations; (3) universities, coordinators, and professors of engineering undergraduate programs; (4) engineering education researchers; and (5) the Brazilian National Confederation of Industry.  相似文献   

University students’ conceptions of learning across multiple domains     

Claudio Vezzani  Giulia Vettori  Giuliana Pinto 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2018,33(4):665-684

Research on students’ conceptions of learning is a growing and complex area of interest in the field of psychology of education. Even though much of the investigation addressed to explore conceptions of learning at the university level, still less research has considered how naïve (i.e. ‘learning as reduction of deficit knowledge through individual effort’) and sophisticated (i.e. ‘learning as opportunity and self-efficacy’) conceptions of learning are related to personal and contextual factors. This research investigated how gender, academic area, and level of study influence university students’ conceptions of learning. Three hundred forty-six university students participated in the study. They were either from humanities (240) or technical-scientific (106) areas of study and they were attending either a Bachelor (140) or Master’s degree (206) course. Conceptions of learning were explored using a self-report instrument (Learning Conceptions Questionnaire; LCQ). A MANOVA revealed that females show conceptions of learning more related to social and motivational aspects of learning with a greater personal involvement, compared with males. No typical pattern of conceptions of learning was found for humanities students or for technical-scientific students. Increasing with the level of study, students showed both naïve and sophisticated conceptions of learning increased, since both ‘learning as reduction of deficit knowledge through individual effort’ and ‘learning as opportunities and self-efficacy’ were more likely. Implications of these results and future lines of research will be discussed.  相似文献   

Teachers as Change‐Agents for Young People with Special Needs: an approach to teacher training in Portugal     

Maria Teresa Fernandes  Patricia Rosado Pinto 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1991,14(2):149-154

The practice of integrated education for pupils with special needs has been attempted nationally in Portugal. This has prompted the development of area support teams across the country. Whilst this is a positive move, it has created a pressure for specialist training of teachers. This demand is yet to be fulfilled; an example of an inservice course is outlined in this report.  相似文献   

How and where is artificial intelligence in the public sector going? A literature review and research agenda     

Weslei Gomes de Sousa  Elis Regina Pereira de Melo  Paulo Henrique De Souza Bermejo  Rafael Araújo Sousa Farias  Adalmir Oliveira Gomes 《Government Information Quarterly》2019,36(4):101392

To obtain benefits in the provision of public services, managers of public organizations have considerably increased the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. However, research on AI is still scarce, and the advance of this technology in the public sector, as well as the applications and results of this strategy, need to be systematized. With this goal in mind, this paper examines research related to AI as applied to the public sector. A review of the literature covering articles available in five research databases was completed using the PRISMA protocol for literature reviews. The search process yielded 59 articles within the scope of the study out of a total of 1682 studies. Results show a growing trend of interest in AI in the public sector, with India and the US as the most active countries. General public service, economic affairs, and environmental protection are the functions of government with the most studies related to AI. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) technique is the most recurrent in the investigated studies and was pointed out as a technique that provides positive results in several areas of its application. A research framework for AI solutions for the public sector is presented, where it is demonstrated that policies and ethical implications of the use of AI permeate all layers of application of this technology and the solutions can generate value for functions of government. However, for this, a prior debate with society about the use of AI in the public sector is recommended.  相似文献   

Career guidance and health promotion with adolescents: keys for intervention programs     

Fernando Henrique Rezende Aguiar  Maria Inês Gandolfo Conceição 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2015,15(3):221-236

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A user view of the factors affecting quality of thesauri in social science databases     

Maria Pinto 《Library & information science research》2008

In an attempt to improve the knowledge of the quality of the thesauri-based databases (DB), a Spanish professional user group was surveyed in order to uncover DB thesaurus quality factors. Factor analysis methodology was applied to the data matrix gathered from users' opinions on a restricted sample of social science DB thesauri. Using processes of exploration, explanation, and interpretation, researchers reduced the initial 39 variables to 4 main components, regarded as the main DB thesaurus quality factors. These four main components are conceptual framework, performance, format, and external aids. They may provide scholars with four approaches to the issue of thesaurus quality and the points where further research is needed.  相似文献