The influence of an afternoon nap on the endurance performance of trained runners     

Anthony W. Blanchfield  Tammy M. Lewis-Jones  James R. Wignall  James B. Roberts 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(9):1177-1184

The effectiveness of a nap as a recovery strategy for endurance exercise is unknown and therefore the present study investigated the effect of napping on endurance exercise performance. Eleven trained male runners completed this randomised crossover study. On two occasions, runners completed treadmill running for 30?min at 75% ?O_2max in the morning, returning that evening to run for 20?min at 60% ?O_2max, and then to exhaustion at 90% ?O_2max. On one trial, runners had an afternoon nap approximately 90?min before the evening exercise (NAP) whilst on the other, runners did not (CON). All runners napped (20?±?10?min), but time to exhaustion (TTE) was not improved in all runners (NAP 596?±?148?s vs. CON 589?±?216?s, P?=?.83). Runners that improved TTE after the nap slept less at night than those that did not improve TTE (night-time sleep 6.4?±?0.7?h vs. 7.5?±?0.4?h, P?r^{2 ?} =??0.76, P?=?.001). In runners that improved TTE, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were lower during the TTE on NAP than CON compared to runners that did not improve (?0.4?±?0.6 vs. 0?±?0, P?=?.05). Reduced exercising sense of effort (RPE) may account for the improved TTE after the nap. In conclusion, a short afternoon nap improves endurance performance in runners that obtain less than 7?h night-time sleep.  相似文献   

A review of behavioural measures and research methodology in sport and exercise psychology     

Samantha J. Meredith  Matt Dicks  Benjamin Noel  Christopher R. D. Wagstaff 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2018,11(1):25-46

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Bernard Suits on capacities: games,perfectionism, and Utopia     

Christopher C. Yorke 《体育哲学杂志》2018,45(2):177-188

An essential and yet often neglected motivation of Bernard Suits’ elevation of gameplay to the ideal of human existence is his account of capacities along perfectionist lines and the function of games in eliciting them. In his work Suits treats the expression of these capacities as implicitly good and the purest expression of the human telos. Although it is a possible interpretation to take Suits’ utopian vision to mean that gameplay in his future utopia must consist of the logically inevitable replaying of activities we conduct in the present for instrumental reasons (playing games-by-default), because gameplay for Suits is identical with the expression of sets of capacities specifically elicited by game rules, it is much more likely that he intends utopian gameplay to be an endless series of carefully crafted opportunities for the elicitation of special capacities (playing games-by-design), and thus embody his ideal of existence. This article therefore provides a new lens for understanding both Suits’ definitional work on gameplay and its connection to his utopian vision in the last chapter of The Grasshopper: Games, Life, and Utopia.¹1. Jon Pike, Alex Barber, Thi Nguyen, Paul Gaffney, and several anonymous reviewers have given helpful feedback on earlier drafts of this paper, for which I am extremely grateful.View all notes  相似文献   

Contribution of uncertainty in estimation of active drag using assisted towing method in front crawl swimming     

Pendar Hazrati  Peter James Sinclair  Wayne Spratford  René Edouard Ferdinands  Bruce Robert Mason 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(1):7-13

Active drag force in swimming can be calculated from a function of five different variables: swim velocity, tow velocity, belt force, power output and exponent of velocity. The accuracy of the drag force value is dependent on the accuracy of each variable, and on the contribution of each variable to drag estimation. To calculate uncertainty in drag value, first the derivatives of the active drag equation with respect to each variable were obtained. Second, these were multiplied by the uncertainty of that variable. Twelve national age and open level swimmers were recruited to complete four free swimming and five active drag trials. The uncertainties for the free and the tow swim velocities, and for the belt force, contributed approximately 5–6% and 2–3% error, respectively, in calculation of drag. The result of the uncertainty of the velocity exponent (1.8–2.6) indicated a contribution of about 6% error in active drag. The contribution of unequal power output showed that if a power changed 7.5% between conditions, it would lead to about 30% error in calculated drag. Consequently, if a swimmer did not maintain constant power output between conditions, there would be substantial errors in the calculation of active drag.  相似文献   

Kinetic and kinematic analysis of stamping impacts during simulated rucking in rugby union     

Bodil Y Oudshoorn  Heather F Driscoll  Marcus Dunn  David James 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(8):914-919

Laceration injuries account for up to 23% of injuries in rugby union. They are frequently caused by studded footwear as a result of a player stamping onto another player during the ruck. Little is known about the kinetics and kinematics of rugby stamping impacts; current test methods assessing laceration injury risk of stud designs therefore lack informed test parameters. In this study, twelve participants stamped on an anthropomorphic test device in a one-on-one simulated ruck setting. Velocity and inclination angle of the foot prior to impact was determined from high-speed video footage. Total stamping force and individual stud force were measured using pressure sensors. Mean foot inbound velocity was 4.3 m ? s^?1 (range 2.1–6.3 m ? s^?1). Mean peak total force was 1246 N and mean peak stud force was 214 N. The total mean effective mass during stamping was 6.6 kg (range: 1.6–13.5 kg) and stud effective mass was 1.2 kg (range: 0.5–2.9 kg). These results provide representative test parameters for mechanical test devices designed to assess laceration injury risk of studded footwear for rugby union.  相似文献   

The role of self-regulatory efficacy,moral disengagement and guilt on doping likelihood: A social cognitive theory perspective     

Christopher Ring  Maria Kavussanu 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(5):578-584

Given the concern over doping in sport, researchers have begun to explore the role played by self-regulatory processes in the decision whether to use banned performance-enhancing substances. Grounded on Bandura’s (1991) theory of moral thought and action, this study examined the role of self-regulatory efficacy, moral disengagement and anticipated guilt on the likelihood to use a banned substance among college athletes. Doping self-regulatory efficacy was associated with doping likelihood both directly (b = ?.16, P < .001) and indirectly (b = ?.29, P < .001) through doping moral disengagement. Moral disengagement also contributed directly to higher doping likelihood and lower anticipated guilt about doping, which was associated with higher doping likelihood. Overall, the present findings provide evidence to support a model of doping based on Bandura’s social cognitive theory of moral thought and action, in which self-regulatory efficacy influences the likelihood to use banned performance-enhancing substances both directly and indirectly via moral disengagement.  相似文献   

We Could be Heroes          下载免费PDF全文

Conor P. McLaughlin  Christopher B. Newman 《About Campus》2018,22(6):22-26

Conor P. McLaughlin and Christopher B. Newman challenge us to use our power to create new possibilities for equity on our campuses.  相似文献   

Let's Talk About Sex … Education     

Dawn A. Rowe  James Sinclair  Kara Hirano  Josh Barbour 《American journal of sexuality education》2018,13(2):205-216

An important goal of any sexuality education program is to support youth and young adults to develop a positive self-image and develop competence and confidence in skills needed to express sexuality and develop positive relationships. For youth and young adults with disabilities, sexuality education is offered far less often than for their same aged peers without disabilities. This article describes a three-step process for developing specially designed instruction in sexuality education using principles of instructional design to meet the unique needs of students with disabilities.  相似文献   

教育工作者及其报酬： 政策、实施与系统协调问题（上）     

James W. Guthrie  Patrick J. Schuermann  刘培 《复旦教育论坛》2009,7(5):79-87

本文从管理学和政策学的视角,探讨了公立学校教师薪酬改革的问题.文章在回溯了教师薪酬制度历史沿革的基础上,分析了当前教师薪酬体制的结构及其对个人和组织层面的消极后果.作者认为,绩效工资改革是增强学校效能、促进学生成绩提高的有效途径;改革的未来取决于一系列多变因素之间的复杂互动,而系统的整合与协调是确保绩效工资计划有效并持久推进的关键.  相似文献   

Non-STEM Undergraduates Become Enthusiastic Phage-Hunters     

Steven M. Caruso  James Sandoz  Jessica Kelsey 《CBE life sciences education》2009,8(4):278-282

To increase science literacy and appreciation among nonscience majors, we offered a course in which 20 non-STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) undergraduates participated in a unique, two-semester research experience. Each student isolated and characterized his or her own bacteriophage from soil samples. One bacteriophage was selected for sequencing and together, the class annotated the genome of the newly sequenced bacteriophage. The class produced a group poster and gave PowerPoint presentations, and one student presented the joint work at a science symposium.  相似文献