Short-term effects of midseason coach turnover on team performance in soccer     

Balduck AL  Buelens M  Philippaerts R 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2010,81(3):379-383

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Bimbo or boffin? Women in science: an analysis of media representations and how female scientists negotiate cultural contradictions     

Chimba M  Kitzinger J 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2010,19(5):609-624

This paper examines the gendered representations of scientists in the UK media. Our analysis reveals the asymmetrical ways in which men and women working in science, engineering and technology are portrayed, in particular through the emphasis on women's appearance and a focus on their exceptional status. It also highlights the way female scientists may be used to "sex up" the discipline in the context of increasing concern about the (un)popularity of science. This media analysis is contextualized by drawing on data from 86 scientists examining how women themselves experience press and television coverage and address the cultural contradictions surrounding their role. The research highlights the challenges facing women working in these fields and the dilemmas for those seeking to develop a "human" face for science and promote a positive image for women.  相似文献   

Protective Effect of Emblica officinalis Against Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Injury by Ameliorating Oxidative Stress in Rats     

Damodara Reddy V  Padmavathi P  Gopi S  Paramahamsa M  Varadacharyulu NCh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2010,25(4):419-424

The effect of Emblica officinalis fruit extract (EFE) against alcohol-induced hepatic damage in rats was investigated in the present study. In vitro studies showed that EFE possesses antioxidant as well nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity. In vivo administration of alcohol (5 g/kg b.wt/day) for 60 days resulted increased liver lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, nitrite plus nitrate levels. Alcohol administration also significantly lowers the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and reduced glutathione as compared with control rats. Administration of EFE (250 mg/kg body weight) to alcoholic rats significantly brought the plasma enzymes towards near normal level and also significantly reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls and restored the enzymic and non-enzymatic antioxidants level. This observation was supplemented by histopathological examination in liver. Our data indicate that the tannoid, flavonoid and NO scavenging compounds present in EFE may offer protection against free radical mediated oxidative stress in rat hepatocytes of animals with alcohol-induced liver injury.  相似文献   

Underestimation of Impaired Kidney Function with Serum Creatinine     

Kannapiran M  Nisha D  Madhusudhana Rao A 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2010,25(4):380-384

Serum creatinine (SCr) levels are frequently used as a screening test to assess impaired renal function; however, patients can have significantly decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with normal SCr values and making the recognition of kidney dysfunction more difficult. Hence, this study was designed to determine the extent of misclassification of the patients who have significantly reduced GFR as calculated by reexpressed four variable modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation but, normal range of SCr. The study included 1040 in and out patients referred by physicians for serum creatinine measurement. When an exclusion criterion was applied 928 patients were qualified for the study. SCr was measured in 928 patients by a Roche kinetic compensated Jaffe’s assay. GFR was calculated using reexpressed four variable MDRD study equation. Of the 928 patients 270 (29.1%) had renal dysfunction on the basis of eGFR (<60 ml/min/1.73 m²). However, with SCr only 162 (17.5%) patients had abnormal renal function (>1.5 mg/dl) and SCr values misrepresented (108) 11.6% patients with impaired kidney function. In addition, more females, about 15% were failed to detect by SCr method in contrast to males of 9%. This study documented that, a large proportion of patients with impaired renal function are not diagnosed if clinicians rely solely on normal SCr as evidence of normal renal function. Inclusion of eGFR calculated by re-expressed 4 variable MDRD equation may facilitates the early identification and intervention of patients with renal impairment.  相似文献   

Characterization of a microflow cytometer with an integrated three-dimensional optofluidic lens system     

Rosenauer M  Vellekoop MJ 《Biomicrofluidics》2010,4(4):43005

Flow cytometry is a standard analytical method in cell biology and clinical diagnostics and is widely distributed for the experimental investigation of microparticle characteristics. In this work, the design, realization, and measurement results of a novel planar optofluidic flow cytometric device with an integrated three-dimensional (3D) adjustable optofluidic lens system for forward-scattering∕extinction-based biochemical analysis fabricated by silicon micromachining are presented. To our knowledge, this is the first planar cytometric system with the ability to focus light three-dimensionally on cells∕particles by the application of fluidic lenses. The single layer microfluidic platform enables versatile 3D hydrodynamic sample focusing to an arbitrary position in the channel and incorporates integrated fiber grooves for the insertion of glass fibers. To confirm the fluid dynamics and raytracing simulations and to characterize the sensor, different cell lines and sets of microparticles were investigated by detecting the extinction (axial light loss) signal, demonstrating the high sensitivity and sample discrimination capability of this analysis system. The unique features of this planar microdevice enable new biotechnological analysis techniques due to the highly increased sensitivity.  相似文献   

Comprehensive evaluation of player-surface interaction on artificial soccer turf     

Müller C  Sterzing T  Lange J  Milani TL 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2010,9(3):193-205

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the traction characteristics of four different stud configurations on Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 2-Star, third-generation artificial soccer turf. The investigated stud configurations were hard ground design, firm ground design, soft ground design, and an experimental prototype. The concept of this study combines performance, perception, biomechanical, and mechanical testing procedures. Twenty-five soccer players took part in the different testing procedures. Variables of this study were: running times, subjective rankings/ratings, ground reaction forces, and mechanical traction properties. Statistical discrimination between the four stud configurations was shown for performance, perception, and biomechanical testing (p < 0.05). Unsuited stud configurations for playing on artificial turf are characterized by less plain distributed and pronounced studs.  相似文献   

新媒体联盟地平线报告:2016博物馆版     

A·弗里曼  S·亚当斯·贝克尔  M·卡明斯  E·麦克尔罗伊  C·盖辛格  B·尤恩科  高茜  许玲  韩世梅 《北京广播电视大学学报》2016,(5):1-13

《新媒体联盟地平线报告:2016博物馆版》由美国新媒体联盟与巴尔博亚公园在线协作完成.专家组谨慎地选择了最有可能影响今后五年(2015—2019)技术规划和决策制定的六项主要趋势、六个关键挑战和六种重要技术.本报告旨在为实现博物馆教育深度改革提供具体指导.  相似文献   

个人在职业方面发展之步骤     

Bohn M.Brewer  邹恩润 《教育与职业》1924,(0)

职业指导.须实施于未受职业教育之前.继续进行于正在领受职业教育之际。且继续进行于已受职业教育之后.盖职业指导实与个人在职业方面发展之步骤相终始也.茲将个人在职业方面发展之步骤.列表如左.以资研究.  相似文献   

培養學生對功課的積極性     

M·H·斯卡特钦  克恒 《天津教育》1951,(11)

初級小学首先要教孩子们唸書識字。那么唸書識字又是什么呢?唸書識字是打開蕴藏在书中的人类知識宝庫的一把钥匙。但是,只给一把钥匙是不够的,还须要唤起孩子們利用这一人类文化宝藏的願望,那就是说要叫儿童們喜愛書本。初极小學訓練儿童们觀察,思考並正確地说出和寫出自己的思想。儿童們在觀察生活的基礎上,從書本裡知道很多新的东西:他們学着初步的关於祖国自然界的知識,關於人民的生活,古代如何,現代如何以及未來前途如何的知識。初級学校以关於世界的知識來武装兒童,帮助兒童理解和評價生活環境中的事實和變動,從而給予共產主义的初步概念,打下建立共產主義世界觀的基礎。在學校和家庭的教育与培养过程中,形成着兒童們的道德面和他們對勞動、對社會主義的財產、以及對人类的态度,發展着对社会主義祖国的熱愛和忠誠,形成着性格。簡短地说,初級学校在執行着頗為重要的任務,初步塑造共產主義社會的全面發展的成員。而實現這一任務的最重要的手段和方法就是教育。我們的教師們深知学校所面临的任務和責任,正在緊張地寻求完成任務的最好方法。  相似文献   

Sampling period determination for heart rate logging under an exercise regimen     

McCarthy M  Ringwood JV 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(10):1115-1125

Using a mathematical procedure, we determine appropriate sampling rates for logging heart rate, at a variety of exercise intensities. The mathematical procedure involves correlating exercise and heart rate data to determine a dynamical mathematical model, from which the frequency response of the relationship between exercise intensity and heart rate can be determined. The sampling rate is then straightforwardly deduced by making appropriate measurements on the frequency response curve. We show how careful consideration needs to be given to the choice of dynamical model structure and the work regimen, so that consistent and convincing conclusions can be drawn. We demonstrate that the dynamics of the work-rate/heart-rate system are dependent on the nominal work/heart rate, but a 5-s sampling period, as used in many commercial heart rate monitors, appears to be adequate, especially when some averaging is performed before logging.  相似文献