Changing the environment to promote health-enhancing physical activity     

Foster C  Hillsdon M 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(8):755-769

Supportive environments have been used to change and influence health behaviours like smoking. While psychological and ecological theories and models demonstrate the possible influences of the environment on health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA), little is known about the effectiveness of the environmental interventions. This paper presents the results of a systematic review of studies that used environmental interventions to increase health-enhancing physical activity. Two groups of studies were found, studies that changed the physical environment by creating new HEPA facilities, policies and supporting mechanisms, and studies that used the elements of the environment as an active or sedentary 'point of choice', via educational materials to promote stair use. Environmental change studies showed a small increase on HEPA behaviour, but the relative impact of environment changes was not evaluated. A number of before and after studies have observed a weak effect of a simple environmental change to stimulate stair climbing while travelling or shopping. Current national policy has embraced the environment as an option for promoting health-enhancing physical activity, especially active travel, in spite of the lack of effectiveness data. It is recommended that existing or planned public health environment and HEPA initiatives should use appropriate evaluation methods to assess their efficacy and effectiveness. Further developmental research into the nature of the relationship of the environment to particular HEPA behaviours is strongly recommended before developing new environmental interventions.  相似文献   

Effective conditioning of female soccer players     

Polman R  Walsh D  Bloomfield J  Nesti M 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(2):191-203

We compared the efficacy of three physical conditioning programmes provided over a 12 week period (24 h in total) on selected anthropometric and physical fitness parameters in female soccer players. Two of the groups received physical conditioning training in accordance with speed, agility and quickness (SAQ); one group used specialized resistance and speed development SAQ equipment (equipment group; n = 12), while the other group used traditional soccer coaching equipment (non-equipment group; n = 12). A third group received their regular fitness sessions (active control group; n = 12). All three interventions decreased (P < 0.001) the participants' body mass index (-3.7%) and fat percentage (-1.7%), and increased their flexibility (+14.7%) and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) (+18.4%). The participants in the equipment and non-equipment conditioning groups showed significantly (P < 0.005) greater benefits from their training programme than those in the active control group by performing significantly better on the sprint to fatigue (-11.6% for both the equipment and non-equipment groups versus -6.2% for the active control group), 25 m sprint (-4.4% vs -0.7%), left (-4.5% vs -1.0%) and right (-4.0% vs -1.4%) side agility, and vertical (+18.5% vs +4.8%) and horizontal (+7.7% vs +1.6%) power tests. Some of these differences in improvements in physical fitness between the equipment and non-equipment conditioning groups on the one hand and the active control group on the other hand were probably due to the specificity of the training programmes. It was concluded that SAQ training principles appear to be effective in the physical conditioning of female soccer players. Moreover, these principles can be implemented during whole team training sessions without the need for specialized SAQ equipment. Finally, more research is required to establish the relationship between physical fitness and soccer performance as well as the principles underlying the improvements seen through the implementation of SAQ training programmes.  相似文献   

Evaluation of evidence-based medicine search skills in the clinical years     

Linton AM  Wilson PH  Gomes A  Abate L  Mintz M 《Medical reference services quarterly》2004,23(2):21-31

The librarians of the Health Sciences Library worked with the director of the Primary Care Clerkship to reinforce the principles of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) searching, taught during the first two years of medical school, through an intensive workshop. The purpose of the program was to ensure that students apply EBM principles in a timely and effective manner in clinical situations. Working in teams led by a resident and librarian, students researched real cases and then evaluated the effectiveness of their approach to the problems. This paper outlines the rationale for the team approach, reviews the administration of a computer-based workshop, and discusses the evaluation process. Evaluation focused on both the current workshop and its implications for the informatics program presented to students during years one and two.  相似文献   

Library service delivery via hand-held computers--the right information at the point of care     

Peterson M 《Health information and libraries journal》2004,21(1):52-56

Today's health and medical librarians are well aware of the move towards evidence-based clinical practice which has emerged during the past decade. Hand-in-hand with this trend is the need for health practitioners to have access to the best possible evidence to help them in their clinical decision making. Libraries have a key role in the provision of information to their clients, and this means keeping abreast, not only of the various information sources available, but also the means by which those sources may be used. This paper will examine the effects that the hand-held computer is having on the work practices of our clients-library users. It is hoped that the paper will give an insight into the various types of library material which are suitable for use with hand-held devices, and an understanding of their advantages and limitations.  相似文献   

'To each according to his needs': public libraries and socially excluded people     

Hicken M 《Health information and libraries journal》2004,21(Z2):45-53

To deliver a comprehensive and efficient service to all the community, public libraries must first identify needs and allocate an appropriate level of resources. This article focuses on public libraries in England. It outlines: the Government's policy on social inclusion; the needs of the various socially excluded groups; partnerships and funding; staff training and motivation; and examples of good practice.  相似文献   

Learning and teaching     

Whitsed N  Weller M 《Health information and libraries journal》2004,21(1):74-77

  相似文献   

Analysis of postural stability in collegiate soccer players before and after an acute bout of heading multiple soccer balls     

Mangus BC  Wallmann HW  Ledford M 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2004,3(2):209-220

The aim of our study was to determine if any immediate changes in balance were discernable in college soccer players after a specially designed heading session. Eight male and two female skilled collegiate soccer players had a baseline balance pre-test using the Balance Master, followed by heading 20 balls kicked consecutively by a teammate from the touchline to a point near the goal, which was followed by a post-test using the same testing technique. Paired t-tests were used to compare balance ability between pre- and post-test conditions. There was no difference in balance pre- to post-test (85.3% and 86.2% respectively). No significant difference was noted from pre- to post-test in the mean equilibrium scores for conditions three through six on the Sensory Organization Test, with the exception of condition four, which revealed a significant increase from pre- to post-test. We concluded that an acute session of heading soccer balls may not result in balance changes in collegiate soccer players.  相似文献   

"我能与DJ对话吗?"(上)--个案分析:业内整合、计算机技术及其在九十年代后期对广播业的影响     

Robert M.Brady  李煜 《现代传播》2004,(3):73-76

国会批准通过《1996年电信法》后,广播业内大型广播公司在数量上急剧增加,传统上以直播以及本地节目为主的特点也发生了变化.联邦通信委员会对一些颇具规模的广播公司的扩张施行放松管制(deregulation)政策,而这些公司为了长期降低运作成本,广泛地采用了诸如自动声道(voicetracking)、地方节目辛迪加(local syndication)和音乐自动控制(music automation)等新技术.据介绍这些新技术是"虚拟的",并且改变了美国广播业的一些基本特征.本项研究将通过对一系列广泛采用了新技术的广播电台的个案分析,揭示九十年代末期广播业内的全新变化.  相似文献   

Awareness, use and opinions of methodological search filters used for the retrieval of evidence-based medical literature-a questionnaire survey     

Jenkins M  Johnson F 《Health information and libraries journal》2004,21(1):33-43

The aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness of methodological search filters among health and academic librarians in the UK and Ireland, their use of filters and views on the perceived benefits, limitations and ways to increase usage of search filters. A random proportional sample of health and academic librarians were surveyed by telephone and fax. Overall, 88% (196/224) completed the telephone survey to establish awareness and use of filters. Eighty-four per cent (51/61) completed a fax survey focusing in more depth on usability issues surrounding filters. Results indicate a high level of awareness of methodological filters, but low level of usage. Furthermore, a high level of awareness did not necessarily correlate with a high level of knowledge or understanding. Examination of responses revealed limitations and recommendations beyond those reported in the literature and highlights the relationship between understanding and effective use of filters. Improved dissemination and publication of filters is required to better inform librarians on the concept of filters and how to use them effectively.  相似文献   

少年篮球运动员在准备参加比赛期的训练安排     

B·M·卡里亚金  叶培基 《成都体育学院学报》1979,(1)

不断完善少年篮球运动员的训练体系,是广大教练员和科学工作者经常注意的研究课题。多数研究的主要问题有:教学方法;一定的训练方案对身体训练的影响;通过教育观察论证教学方法;等等。也有一些牵涉到少年篮球运动员训练安排的文章,但是为数很少。本文的任务是:研究我们制定的少年  相似文献