Technology‐enhanced Interactive Teaching of Marginal,Joint and Conditional Probabilities: The Special Case of Bivariate Normal Distribution     

Ivo D. Dinov  Scott Kamino  Bilal Bhakhrani  Nicolas Christou 《Teaching Statistics》2013,35(3):131-139

Data analysis requires subtle probability reasoning to answer questions like What is the chance of event A occurring, given that event B was observed? This generic question arises in discussions of many intriguing scientific questions such as What is the probability that an adolescent weighs between 120 and 140 pounds given that they are of average height? and What is the probability of (monetary) inflation exceeding 4% and housing price index below 110? To address such problems, learning some applied, theoretical or cross‐disciplinary probability concepts is necessary. Teaching such courses can be improved by utilizing modern information technology resources. Students' understanding of multivariate distributions, conditional probabilities, correlation and causation can be significantly strengthened by employing interactive web‐based science educational resources. Independent of the type of a probability course (e.g. majors, minors or service probability course, rigorous measure‐theoretic, applied or statistics course) student motivation, learning experiences and knowledge retention may be enhanced by blending modern technological tools within the classical conceptual pedagogical models. We have designed, implemented and disseminated a portable open‐source web‐application for teaching multivariate distributions, marginal, joint and conditional probabilities using the special case of bivariate Normal distribution. A real adolescent height and weight dataset is used to demonstrate the classroom utilization of the new web‐application to address problems of parameter estimation, univariate and multivariate inference.  相似文献   

A test of anxiety/uncertainty management theory: The intercultural adaptation context     

Mitchell R. Hammer  Richard L. Wiseman  J. Lewis Rasmussen  Jon C. Bruschke 《Communication quarterly》2013,61(3):309-326

Anxiety/Uncertainty Management theory, as formulated by Gudykunst and Hammer (1987a), proposes that intercultural adaptation outcomes are based on the two mediating dimensions of uncertainty reduction and anxiety reduction and sixteen secondary variables that systematically influence uncertainty and anxiety reduction. In this paper, the sixteen variables originally identified are categorized into four “fundamental factors”; (interpersonal saliencies, intergroup saliencies, communication message exchange, and host contact conditions). The present study examines this revised Anxiety/Uncertainty Management (AUM) theory of intercultural adaptation. A total of 291 international students at two universities in the United States participated in the study. The study found overall fit of the revised AUM theory vis‐a‐vis the two mediating factors of uncertainty and anxiety reduction, the importance of interpersonal saliencies for uncertainty reduction, and the importance of host contact conditions for facilitating feelings of comfort and reducing anxiety. Intergroup saliencies were significantly related to uncertainty reduction but not, contrary to expectation, to anxiety reduction. Communication message exchange (which consists of information gathering strategies and second language proficiency) was, again contrary to expectation, not significantly related to either uncertainty or anxiety reduction. Finally, cultural identity showed a small though significant negative relationship to intergroup saliencies, suggesting a stronger, ingroup identity was associated with increased uncertainty. The paper concludes by proffering explanations for the findings and suggestions for future research.  相似文献   

The academic and psychological benefits of exercise in healthy children and adolescents     

Martin Rasmussen  Karin Laumann 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2013,28(3):945-962

This review examines the psychological benefits exercise is connected to in healthy children and adolescents. Studies on the effect of exercise on academic performance, self-esteem, emotions, and mood were examined. Academic performance is found to be maintained when normal academic classes are reduced and replaced by an increase in exercise, physical activity, or physical education. Exercise seems to have a positive effect on several aspects of cognition and self-esteem in healthy children and adolescents. A positive connection between exercise and emotions and moods in children is found in the few studies that have been conducted.  相似文献   

Design and optimization of a double-enzyme glucose assay in microfluidic lab-on-a-chip     

Yegermal Tesfaw Atalay  Daan Witters  Steven Vermeir  Nicolas Vergauwe  Pieter Verboven  Bart Nicola?  Jeroen Lammertyn 《Biomicrofluidics》2009,3(4)

An electrokinetic driven microfluidic lab-on-a-chip was developed for glucose quantification using double-enzyme assay. The enzymatic glucose assay involves the two-step oxidation of glucose, which was catalyzed by hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, with the concomitant reduction of NADP⁺ to NADPH. A fluorescence microscopy setup was used to monitor the different processes (fluid flow and enzymatic reaction) in the microfluidic chip. A two-dimensional finite element model was applied to understand the different aspects of design and to improve the performance of the device without extensive prototyping. To our knowledge this is the first work to exploit numerical simulation for understanding a multisubstrate double-enzyme on-chip assay. The assay is very complex to implement in electrokinetically driven continuous system due to the involvement of many species, which has different transport velocity. With the help of numerical simulation, the design parameters, flow rate, enzyme concentration, and reactor length, were optimized. The results from the simulation were in close agreement with the experimental results. A linear relation exists for glucose concentrations from 0.01 to 0.10 g l⁻¹. The reaction time and the amount of enzymes required were drastically reduced compared to off-chip microplate analysis.  相似文献   

A person-centered approach to achievement goal orientations in competitive tennis players: Associations with motivation and mental toughness     

Richard Gregory Cowden  Nicolas Mascret  Timothy Ryan Duckett 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(1):73-81

Background:Research on achievement goal orientations in sport has typically relied on the use of variable-centered approaches that tend to overlook population heterogeneity.In this study,we used a person-centered approach to identify subgroups of competitive tennis players according to unique combinations of achievement goal orientations and tested for subgroup differences in motivation and mental toughness.Methods:A sample of 323 competitive tennis athletes(69.35%male)between 15 and 25 years of age(17.60±2.40 years,mean±SD)completed the 3×2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport,Sport Motivation Scale Ⅱ,and Mental Toughness Index.Latent profile analysis was used to identify unique combinations of achievement goal orientations.Comparisons between latent subgroups on autonomous motivation,controlled motivation,and mental toughness were performed using analysis of variance.Results:Latent profile analysis supported 3 distinct patterns of achievement goal profiles that were primarily distinguishable based on valence of competence(i.e.,approach vs.avoidance).Analyses of variance indicated that athletes who were classified into subgroups that endorsed approach types of goals(regardless of the types of avoidance goals they endorsed)reported higher levels of autonomous motivation and mental toughness.Conclusion:Results indicated that athletes tend to pursue a number of achievement goals collectively rather than in isolation.Although approach goals are more commonly linked to adaptive psychological functioning and positive outcomes,avoidance goals may also be associated with desirable psychological characteristics if they are pursued in conjunction with approach types of achievement goals.  相似文献   

Creativity as a developmental resource in sport training activities     

Ludvig J. T. Rasmussen  Lars D. Østergaard  Vlad P. Glăveanu 《Sport, Education and Society》2019,24(5):491-506

The multidimensional concept of creativity has a much wider scope of application than disclosed by prevailing research on sporting creativity. In this area, creativity is mostly perceived, praised, and approached for its performative, in-game benefits. Pointing to the belief that creativity requires well-developed technical skills, this phenomenon is often treated as a performative end. When targeting creative match performances, the developmental and experiential benefits of creative activities may be neglected, and creativity may be reserved for the best offensive players. To nourish and nuance practical and scholastic dialogues, the purpose of this paper is to conceptualize creativity as a developmental resource in sport training activities. This is accomplished by building on and articulating [Shilling, C. (2005). Body in culture, technology and society. London: SAGE] body-sociology, [Gl?veanu, V. P. (2012). What can be done with an egg? Creativity, material objects, and the theory of affordances. The Journal of Creative BehaviorJournal of Creative Behavior, 46(3), 192–208. doi:10.1002/jocb.13, Gl?veanu, V. P. (2016b). The psychology of creating: A cultural-developmental approach to key dichotomies within creativity studies. In The Palgrave handbook of creativity and culture research (pp. 205–223). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-46344-9_10] socio-cultural notions about creativity, and [Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education– an introduction to the philosophy of education. New York, NY: The Free Press.] educational philosophy. Based on these positions, creativity is treated as a dynamic quality of action that is located in the transaction between the player and the specific situation (i.e. affordances, intentions, and norms). Hence, creativity regards the exploratory and playful processes of discovering, exploiting, and originating unusual action possibilities (i.e. acting on unperceived, unexploited, and uninvented affordances). Grounded in these ideas, we argue for the stimulation of creative actions during training, which should not be forgotten when trying to nurture in-game creativity. Essentially, the developmental benefits (e.g. learning and enjoyment) of creativity could apply to all players, at all levels. Among others, creativity may enhance their situated potential (e.g. expanding the boundaries of usual actions; developing the capacity for novel actions). For instance, the exploration of unexploited affordances (i.e. actions normally avoided due to norms) entails broad experiences and may help the players discover novel actions. Moreover, creative activities may develop the players’ capacity to search for, handle, and/or create unexpected, unusual, and novel situations. This is vital for players’ development and performance.  相似文献   

Animal welfare: science without hard problems     

Delon  Nicolas 《Metascience》2021,30(3):463-466

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Student Perception and the Effectiveness of Kahoot!: A Scoping Review in Histology,Anatomy, and Medical Education     

Rebecca Donkin  Rosemary Rasmussen 《Anatomical sciences education》2021,14(5):572-585

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has presented challenges in medical education particularly, with development of online learning in a short time period. Notably there has been a significant increase in the use of digital technology applications to meet this challenge. For instance, in the first quarter of 2020 the game-based software Kahoot! reported a threefold increase in players and a fivefold increase in asynchronous learning globally. However, there is limited research into the use of game-based digital technology applications such as Kahoot! and the associated learning theories, particularly in histology, anatomy, and medical education. This scoping review explored the utilization, outcome scores, and student perceptions of learning with the application of Kahoot! in histology, anatomy, and medical education. Online databases were used to identify articles published between 2013 and 2021 from which 12 articles were included in the review. The majority of articles supported positive student outcomes including improved collaborative learning, improved knowledge of content, attendance, and participation. Minor negative aspects included increased time on task, overwhelming learning content, and distractions due to gadgets. None of the articles included a control group. The main educational theories identified were active learning followed by social and constructivism learning theory. In light of the Covid-19 pandemic a rapid and fundamental shift in how digital applications are being used in educational institutions has evolved. Further research on learning frameworks and studies with control groups is required to evaluate Kahoot! as a potentially valuable online application in histology, anatomy, and medical education.  相似文献   

Joseph E. Spillane,Cocaine: From Medical Marvel to Modern Menace in the United States, 1884–1920     

Rasmussen  Nicolas 《Metascience》2003,12(1):125-127

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Non-circular chainring improves aerobic cycling performance in non-cyclists     

Frédérique Hintzy  Nicolas Horvais 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(4):427-432

Non-circular chainrings alter the crank velocity profile over a pedalling cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this altered crank velocity profile on the aerobic performance compared to a circular chainring (CC). Ten male non-cyclists performed two incremental maximal tests at 80?rpm on a cycle ergometer: one with a circular (Shimano) and the other with a non-circular chainring Osymetric^® (Somovedi), at least 50?h apart. Each test started with a workload of 100?W lasting 3?min. During the first 12?min, the workload was increased by 30?W every 3?min. Thereafter, the workload was increased by 30?W every 2?min until exhaustion. The power output, the intra-cycle crank angular velocity and the physiological parameters were monitored continuously, averaged over the last 30?s of each increment and at exhaustion, and compared for the two chainrings. Results showed a higher maximal aerobic power attained with the non-circular chainring (362.6?±?37.9 vs. 338.8?±?32.6?W, p?相似文献