Shifting the focus of validity for test use     

Pamela A. Moss 《Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice》2016,23(2):236-251

The conventional focus of validity in educational measurement has been on intended interpretations and uses of test scores. Empirical studies of test use by teachers, administrators and policy-makers show that actual interpretations and uses of test scores in context are invariably shaped by local users’ questions, which frequently require attention to multiple sources of evidence about students’ learning and the factors that shape it, and depend on local capacity to use such information well. This requires a more complex theory of validity that can shift focus as needed from the intended interpretations and uses of test scores that guide test developers to local capacity to support the actual interpretations, decisions and actions that routinely serve local users’ purposes. I draw on the growing empirical literature on data use to illustrate the need for an expanded theory of validity, point to theoretical resources that might guide such an expansion, and suggest a research agenda towards these ends.  相似文献   

Using ‘HOCS-Centered Learning’ as a Pathway to Promote Science Teachers' Metacognitive Development     

Mary Leou  Pamela Abder  Megan Riordan  Uri Zoller 《Research in Science Education》2006,36(1-2):69-84

An element of current reform in science education worldwide is the shift from the dominant traditional algorithmic lower-order cognitive skills (LOCS) teaching, to the higher-order cognitive skills (HOCS)-promoting learning; that is, the development of students' capabilities including those of question asking (QA), critical/system thinking (CST), decision making (DM), problem solving (PS), conceptualisation of fundamental concepts (CFC) and the transfer of these within both the science disciplines and real life interdisciplinary situations. Accordingly, an innovative metacognition-promoting science teacher professional development course, integrating formal and informal science education, was developed and implemented within a traditional model, focusing on the HOCS skills of QA, PS, and CFC. The HOCS promoting teaching and assessment strategies of this course not only enabled participants to reflect on their own learning, but also facilitated their self-reflective assessment, utilising a pre–post designed research-based methodology. The results suggest that such, or similarly appropriate, metacognition-oriented courses can contribute positively to the development of science teachers' HOCS capability.  相似文献   

Portfolios, Accountability, and an Interpretive Approach to Validity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pamela A. Moss  Jamie Sue Beck  Catherine Ebbs  Barbara Matson  James Muchmore  Dorothy Steele  Caroline Taylor  Roberta Herter 《Educational Measurement》1992,11(3):12-21

How can the results of classroom-based portfolio assessment be communicated outside the classroom? How might a portfolio-based assessment system be designed and implemented? How can we evaluate the merits of portfolio-based assessments?  相似文献   

Infantile stimulation, activity, and learning by cats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M Wilson  J M Warren  L Abbott 《Child development》1965,36(4):843-853

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Kazzies,DBTs and Tryhards: categorisations of style in adolescent girls’ talk     

Pamela Nilan 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》1992,13(2):201-214

One aspect of the work that adolescent girls do in creating and maintaining friendship networks with each other, the process of including some girls and excluding others, is explored using an ethnomethodological framework of analysis. Three adolescent schoolgirls in Australia talk about themselves and the other girls in their school. A close examination of this talk reveals a hierarchy of style categorisations which resonate with the socio‐economic and ethnic composition of the three main feeder areas to the school. The girls rank their own ‘original’ style, which is avant‐garde and eclectic, over the mass‐produced, imitative fashions‐of‐the‐moment displayed by members of other style groups.

By social closure Weber means the process by which social collectivities seek to maximise rewards by restricting access to resources and opportunities to a limited circle of eligibles. This entails the singling out of certain social or physical attributes as the justificatory basis of exclusion. (Parkin, 1979, p. 44)  相似文献   

Determinants of pre‐school quality in Singapore. An investigation of the effects on teachers,of parents’ involvement     

Pamela Sharpe 《International Journal of Early Years Education》1996,4(1):47-64

Parents are usually anxious about the quality of pre‐school education for their children and Singapore is no exception. As such, research into quality indicators of pre‐school care and education continues to receive much attention, especially in terms of identifying which aspects are related to positive outcomes for children, their parents and the policy makers. However, the significance of the day to day pre‐school experiences per se, are rarely investigated. Rather than considering outcomes, this paper reports a study which is concerned with pre‐school teachers' views on selected aspects of their working environment, in particular their dealings with parents, as determinant measures of quality in pre‐schools.

The majority of pre‐school centres in Singapore have a central structure and environment which by necessity adheres to government regulations. Except for teachers' views and feelings about aspects of their working conditions, most of the usual measures of centre quality are regulated. The study is concerned to identify which features of their day to day encounters most satisfactorily contribute to their roles as pre‐school teachers, and to examine any differences attributable to qualifications and experience.

The results show, that whilst there are some differences between teachers according to qualifications and experience, amongst the most positive features are satisfaction with parents' involvement, children's behaviour, and positive support from other teachers.  相似文献   

The Seamless Field Experience Model for Secondary Science Teacher Preparation     

Kenneth J. Schoon  Pamela A. Sandoval 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》1997,8(2):127-140

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Beginning literacy: links among teacher knowledge, teacher practice, and student learning   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

McCutchen D  Abbott RD  Green LB  Beretvas SN  Cox S  Potter NS  Quiroga T  Gray AL 《Journal of learning disabilities》2002,35(1):69-86

Although the importance of phonological awareness has been discussed widely in the research literature, the concept is not well understood by many classroom teachers. In the study described here, we worked with groups of kindergarten and first-grade teachers (the experimental group) during a 2-week summer institute and throughout the school year. We shared with them research about learning disabilities and effective instruction, stressing the importance of explicit instruction in phonological and orthographic awareness. We followed the experimental group and a control group into their classrooms for a year, assessing teachers' classroom practices and their students' (n = 779) learning. The study yielded three major findings: We can deepen teachers' own knowledge of the role of phonological and orthographic information in literacy instruction; teachers can use that knowledge to change classroom practice; and changes in teacher knowledge and classroom practice can improve student learning.  相似文献   

Evaluation of existing criteria for judging the quality of science exhibits     

Harris H. Shettel  Pamela C. Reilly 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1966,14(4):479-488

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The Effect of Questioning Style During Storybook Reading on Novel Vocabulary Acquisition of Preschoolers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bridget A. Walsh  Pamela Blewitt 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2006,33(4):273-278

The effects of adult questioning on children’s novel word acquisition during storybook reading were investigated. Three-year-olds were assigned to one of three conditions: vocabulary eliciting questions, noneliciting questions, and no questions (control). General vocabulary comprehension and novel word knowledge were equivalent across the groups before the storybook reading intervention. Children were read 3 storybooks repeatedly across 4 reading sessions and were tested for production and comprehension of novel words in the final session. Children’s novel word comprehension increased more in both question conditions than in the control condition, suggesting that type of question is not as important to word learning as children’s active engagement in discussion about novel words in general. Novel word production was not strongly affected by any of the reading conditions. However, asking children noneliciting questions did appear to foster production of new words more than not asking questions at all.  相似文献