Cardiac vagal regulation and early peer status     

Graziano PA  Keane SP  Calkins SD 《Child development》2007,78(1):264-278

A sample of 341 5 (1/2) -year-old children participating in an ongoing longitudinal study was the focus of a study on the relation between cardiac vagal regulation and peer status. To assess cardiac vagal regulation, resting measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and RSA change (suppression) to 3 cognitively and emotionally challenging tasks were derived. Results indicated that vagal regulation was positively associated with peer status. In addition, mediational analyses revealed that the relation between vagal regulation and peer status was mediated through better social skills for girls and better social skills and fewer behavior problems for boys. These findings are discussed in terms of the role of vagal regulation in the facilitation of children's positive social behavior.  相似文献   

Foreign language pronunciation skills and musical aptitude: A study of Finnish adults with higher education     

Riia Milovanov  Päivi Pietilä  Mari Tervaniemi  Paulo A.A. Esquef 《Learning and individual differences》2010,20(1):56-60

The main aim of this study was to examine second language production and discrimination skills in the light of musical aptitude. Our study was conducted in university settings in south-western Finland. English was used as a model for the second language due to its popularity among young adults. There were three types of tests used in this study: a pronunciation test, a phonemic listening discrimination task, and the Seashore test as an index of the musical aptitude. All the participants performed equally well in the phonemic listening discrimination task. However, the participants with higher musical aptitude were able to pronounce English better than the participants with less musical aptitude. The results, therefore, imply that musical and linguistic skills are interconnected.  相似文献   

The pattern of responding after extensive extinction     

Guilhardi P  Church RM 《Learning & behavior》2006,34(3):269-284

Extensive extinction greatly reduces response rate and increases the relative frequency of short interresponse times, but does not affect temporal learning or operant response rate. In each of two experiments, 24 rats were trained in a multiple cued interval procedure with three stimuli (noise, light, and clicker) at three intervals (30, 60, and 120 sec). In Experiment 1, after 50 sessions of extinction, response rate decreased from about 25 to 0.5 responses/min, but temporal discriminations were maintained and the initial response gradients in reacquisition had a pattern that corresponded with the original (rather than current) training conditions. In Experiment 2, these results were replicated and extended by examination of the effect of stimulus duration on response patterns during extinction, but its lack of effect on reacquisition. The similarity of the initial performance in reacquisition to the asymptotic performance in acquisition was presumably due to the similarity of context. The individual subject data may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive.  相似文献   

Interoperability and Information Integration in an Early Online Academic Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations: The Case of BTD     

Roberto Carlos dos Santos Pacheco  Vinícius Medina Kern  Paulo Henrique S. Bermejo 《International Information and Library Review》2003,35(2-4):319

Cooperative organization has been proposed as a means to improve the usefulness of virtual libraries. Information interchange among library and other academic applications is often hindered by the lack of application interoperability. This hindrance may be overcome through the development of standards that allow for digital libraries to exchange and share information with other applications. The Graduate Program in Production Engineering (PPGEP) of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) launched its Theses and Dissertations Bank (BTD) in 1995. BTD is possibly the first online academic digital library of theses. From a digital document repository, BTD evolved into a system that combines bibliometry and informetry features. BTD is used by students and faculty in their research activities, but also by decision makers from industry and academia. They use it, respectively, to search for specialists and to measure interest and knowledge interchange among PPGEP research areas. This article presents the history, features, and development prospects for the BTD project. The integration of BTD with other academic applications, especially those of the Brazilian national science and technology platform, is emphasized.  相似文献   

Development and construct validation of an inventory for assessing the home environment for motor development     

Rodrigues LP  Saraiva L  Gabbard C 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2005,76(2):140-148

A contemporary view of early childhood motor development considers environmental influences as critical factors in optimal growth and behavior, with the home being the primary agent. However, there has been minimal research examining the relationship between motor development and the home. The present study addresses this gap with the goal of creating an innovative parental self-report instrument to assess the quality and quantity of factors (affordances and events) in the home that are conducive to enhancing motor development in children ages 18-42 months. Following initial face validity determination, expert opinion feedback and selective pilot testing, construct validity was examined using 321 Portuguese families. Factor analysis techniques were used to: (a) compare competingf actorial models according to previous theoretical assumptions, and (b) analyze the fit of the preferred model. Of the five plausible models tested, the five-factor solution provided the best fit to the data. Reliability was established through the scale reliability coefficient with a value of .85. The findings of this study suggest that the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development Self-Report is a valid and reliable instrument to assess how well home environments afford movement and potentially promote motor development.  相似文献   

Dominant–non-dominant asymmetry of kicking a stationary and rolling ball in a futsal context     

Fabio Augusto Barbieri  Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi  Paulo Roberto Pereira Santiago  Sergio Augusto Cunha 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(13):1411-1419

The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of the asymmetries in the dominant and non-dominant limbs when kicking stationary and rolling balls. Ten experienced Brazilian amateur futsal players participated in this study. Each participant performed kicks under two conditions (stationary ball vs. rolling ball) with the dominant and non-dominant limbs (five kicks per condition per limb). We analysed the kicking accuracy, ball and foot velocities, angular joint displacement and velocity. The asymmetry between the dominant and non-dominant limbs was analysed by symmetry index and two-way repeated measures ANOVA. The results did not reveal any interaction between the condition and limb for ball velocity, foot velocity and accuracy. However, kicking with the dominant limb in both kicks showed higher ball velocity (stationary ball: dominant – 24.27 ± 2.21 m · s^?1 and non-dominant – 21.62 ± 2.26 m · s^?1; rolling ball: dominant – 23.88 ± 2.71 m · s^?1 and non-dominant – 21.42 ± 2.25 m · s^?1), foot velocity (stationary ball: dominant – 17.61 ± 1.87 m · s^?1 and non-dominant – 15.58 ± 2.69 m · s^?1; rolling ball: dominant – 17.25 ± 2.26 m · s^?1 and non-dominant – 14.77 ± 2.35 m · s^?1) and accuracy (stationary ball: dominant – 1.17 ± 0.84 m and non-dominant – 1.56 ± 1.30 m; rolling ball: dominant – 1.31 ± 0.91 m and non-dominant – 1.97 ± 1.44 m). In addition, the angular joint adjustments were dependent on the limb in both kicks (the kicks with non-dominant limb showed lower hip external rotation than the kicks with the dominant limb), indicating that the hip joint is important in kick performance. In conclusion, the kicks with the non-dominant limb showed different angular adjustments in comparison to kicks with the dominant limb. In addition, kicking a rolling ball with the non-dominant limb showed higher asymmetry for accuracy, indicating that complex kicks are more asymmetric.  相似文献   

Mathematical competence for all: Options, implications and obstacles     

Paulo Abrantes 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2001,47(2):125-143

In the recent evolution of Portuguese basic education, the concept of competence and the process of curriculum development became major aspects of an innovative movement at a national level. Concerning school mathematics, this evolution provided an opportunity to explore the way in which mathematical competence for all could be defined and interpreted with the purpose of abandoning a technique-oriented view of the curriculum and the process of developing it. After describing the context and exploring the concept of competence, this paper presents a formulation for the characteristics of mathematical competence for all and discusses some of its implications. Finally, the paper tries to identify the obstacles that tend to emerge when such an approach is proposed in the context of a national curriculum. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Engaging plant anatomy and local knowledge on the buriti palm (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Mauritia flexuosa</Emphasis> L.f.: Arecaceae): the microscopic world meets the golden grass artisan’s perspective     

Rebeca V. R. Viana  Vera L. Scatena  Mayra T. Eichemberg  Paulo T. Sano 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2018,13(1):253-265

Considering that both Western Science and Local Knowledge Systems share a common ground—observations of the natural world—the dialogue between them should not only be possible, but fruitful. Local communities whose livelihoods depend on traditional uses of the local biodiversity not only develop knowledge about nature, making several uses of such knowledge, but, with that process, several inquiries about nature can be raised. Here we present our experience with the engagement of Western Science with golden grass artisan’s knowledge about the buriti palm (M. flexuosa). We applied 25 semi-directive interviews, combined with field diary and participative observation, in two quilombola communities from Jalapão region (Central-Brazil). One of the inquiries that emerged from the artisan’s perspectives was about the differences between male and female buriti palms’ fiber. We then engaged both local and scientific perspectives regarding this issue using plant anatomy as a dialogue instrument. Here we describe this experience and resort to Paulo Freire’s ideas on dialogue to argue that, to integrate Western Science and Local Knowledge Systems in a collaborative and contextualized perspective, the research should be faced as a mutual learning practice.  相似文献   

The effectiveness of Web search engines for retrieving relevant ecommerce links     

Bernard J. Jansen  Paulo R. Molina 《Information processing & management》2006

Ecommerce is developing into a fast-growing channel for new business, so a strong presence in this domain could prove essential to the success of numerous commercial organizations. However, there is little research examining ecommerce at the individual customer level, particularly on the success of everyday ecommerce searches. This is critical for the continued success of online commerce. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of search engines in the retrieval of relevant ecommerce links. The study examines the effectiveness of five different types of search engines in response to ecommerce queries by comparing the engines’ quality of ecommerce links using topical relevancy ratings. This research employs 100 ecommerce queries, five major search engines, and more than 3540 Web links. The findings indicate that links retrieved using an ecommerce search engine are significantly better than those obtained from most other engines types but do not significantly differ from links obtained from a Web directory service. We discuss the implications for Web system design and ecommerce marketing campaigns.  相似文献   

Perception of career barriers: The importance of gender and ethnic variables     

Paulo Cardoso  José Ferreira Marques 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2008,8(1):49-61

Differences of gender and ethnicity were examined in terms of the perception of barriers to career development. The Perception of Career Barriers Inventory (IPBC) was administered to a sample of 457 ninth grade students in Portuguese state schools. Gender differences were found, with girls generally scoring higher and in particular on some specific scales. African ethnic participants score higher than Portuguese participants across all the IPBC scales. These findings are more obvious with African participants born in Africa than with those born in Portugal. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.  相似文献