Technical replicas of Portuguese ceramic tile bodies produced in the Oporto region in the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries     

Marisa Costa  Paulo Cachim  João Coroado  Ana Luisa Velosa 《文物保护研究》2016,61(2):63-73

Portugal is well known for its facades decorated entirely with ornamented glazed ceramic wall tiles called azulejos. On ageing, the tiles may detach and fall off, or deteriorate to such an extent that it becomes necessary to replicate them. Hence tile replication is a common practice in Portugal for façade restoration, but very often these new tiles do not have the same physical and/or chemical properties as the original ones. Such differences might be a factor in differential deterioration of the façades after restoration. One step toward an improvement in compatibility is to make new ceramic bodies with the same characteristics as the original ones. This study focuses on two types of glazed ceramic wall tiles from the Oporto region in Portugal: ‘calcic faience’ and pó de pedra. A total of 25 samples from the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries were studied systematically as an attempt to improve knowledge of these materials and to create a basis for their replication. All samples were collected from facades that were under conservation/restoration at the time when sampling was performed. The original traditional ceramic bodies were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. Total open porosity, capillary absorption coefficient, and mercury intrusion porosimetry were also measured in order to gain knowledge on their physical characteristics in addition to their chemical and mineralogical compositions. High-temperature crystalline phases such as diopside, gehlenite, and mullite were found in the calcic faience, suggesting that the firing temperature of calcic faience bodies was within the range of 1100–1150?°C. Calcination trials were also performed in order to determine the most probable firing temperatures of the ceramic bodies. Collected data led to the assumption that the raw materials used for the ceramic bodies were kaolinitic clay, quartz sand, limestone, and talc. The raw materials for pó de pedra tiles were found to include kaolinite clay and quartz with firing temperatures estimated within the temperature range of 1150–1360?°C. Technical replicas made on the basis of these investigations were found to have the same mineralogical and capillary properties as the original tiles.  相似文献   

Dynamics of temporal discrimination     

Guilhardi P  Church RM 《Learning & behavior》2005,33(4):399-416

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Using a Satisfaction Index to Compare Students’ Satisfaction During and After Higher Education Service Consumption     

Duarte  Paulo O.  Raposo  Mário B.  Alves  Helena B. 《Tertiary Education and Management》2012,18(1):17-40

Tertiary Education and Management - This study explores the factors that influence students’ satisfaction with higher education services and assess how they change after graduation, when...  相似文献   

Students’ and teachers’ perspectives about quality of engineering education in Portugal     

Cristina G. Oliveira  Paulo C. Oliveira  Nilza Costa 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2012,37(1):49-57

Quality in higher education is a subject of increasing importance. This idea can be supported by looking at different sources, namely, the scientific literature, national and transnational governments’ policies, such as those emerging from the Bologna Process. Also, the internationalisation of higher education and, within it, students’ and staff mobility among institutions, has brought to the agenda the quality issue, particularly with regard to the teaching and learning process. Several authors argue that the meaning of quality depends on who defines it. This article focuses on a study that looks at how teachers and students in higher education institutions, in Portugal and in the domain of Engineering, see the quality issue. Data was collected through interviews to teachers (six) and students (38) in two different Portuguese institutions. The results indicate that, although teachers and students refer to the same dimensions that influence quality, they have different perspectives about their importance. From the point of view of the authors, this discrepancy requires some pedagogical actions in the context where the study was developed and, also, further research to see if the same tendency exists in different settings.  相似文献   

Within- and Between-Day Repeatability and Variability in Children's Physiological Responses During Submaximal Treadmill Exercise     

Paulo R. S. Amorim  Nuala Mary Byrne  Andrew P. Hills 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):575-582

The purpose of this study was to verify within- and between-day repeatability and variability in children's oxygen uptake (VO₂), gross economy (GE; VO₂ divided by speed) and heart rate (HR) during treadmill walking based on self-selected speed (SS). Fourteen children (10.1 ± 1.4 years) undertook three testing sessions over 2 days in which four walking speeds, including SS were tested. Within- and between-day repeatability were assessed using the Bland and Altman method, and coefficients of variability (CV) were determined for each child across exercise bouts and averaged to obtain a mean group CV value for VO₂, GE, and HR per speed. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed no statistically significant differences in within- or between-day CV for VO₂, GE, or HR at any speed. Repeatability within- and between-day for VO₂, GE, and HR for all speeds was verified. These results suggest that submaximal VO₂ during treadmill walking is stable and reproducible at a range of speeds based on children's SS.  相似文献   

The presence of a stepfather and child physical abuse, as reported by a sample of Brazilian mothers in Rio de Janeiro     

Alexandre GC  Nadanovsky P  Moraes CL  Reichenheim M 《Child abuse & neglect》2010,34(12):959-966

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Inerter-like devices used for vibration isolation: A historical perspective     

Willian M. Kuhnert  Paulo J. Paupitz Gonçalves  Diego F. Ledezma-Ramirez  Michael J. Brennan 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2021,358(1):1070-1086

Recently, a lot of attention has been given to a mechanical device known as the inerter. It is a mechanical component that can be compared to a capacitor with two ungrounded terminals in the mechanical-electrical systems analogy. In this paper, it is shown that although the concept of an inerter as a separate mechanical element is relatively new, there are several well-established vibration isolation systems that exhibit similar behavior to a simple lumped parameter system containing an inerter. Through a review of the literature, a link is established between the old and new ideas. Furthermore, a comparison between the systems is carried out using the quantities of mechanical impedance and displacement transmissibility. The advantages and disadvantages of using the inerter in vibration isolation are discussed, and a simple way of improving the high-frequency performance without severely degrading the low-frequency performance is described.  相似文献   

Information literacy: perceptions of Brazilian HIV/AIDS researchers     

Maria do Carmo Avamilano Alvarez  Ivan França Junior  Angela Maria Belloni Cuenca  Francisco I. Bastos  Helene Mariko Ueno  Cláudia Renata Barros  Maria Cristina Soares Guimarães 《Health information and libraries journal》2014,31(1):64-74

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Maximal and submaximal physiological responses to adaptation to deep water running     

Liane B. Azevedo  Mike I. Lambert  Paulo S. Zogaib  Turibio L. Barros Neto 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):407-414

Abstract

The aim of the study was to compare physiological responses between runners adapted and not adapted to deep water running at maximal intensity and the intensity equivalent to the ventilatory threshold. Seventeen runners, either adapted (n = 10) or not adapted (n = 7) to deep water running, participated in the study. Participants in both groups undertook a maximal treadmill running and deep water running graded exercise test in which cardiorespiratory variables were measured. Interactions between adaptation (adapted vs. non-adapted) and condition (treadmill running vs. deep water running) were analysed. The main effects of adaptation and condition were also analysed in isolation. Runners adapted to deep water running experienced less of a reduction in maximum oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O_2max) in deep water running compared with treadmill running than runners not adapted to deep water running. Maximal oxygen consumption, maximal heart rate, maximal ventilation, [Vdot]O₂ at the ventilatory threshold, heart rate at the ventilatory threshold, and ventilation at the ventilatory threshold were significantly higher during treadmill than deep water running. Therefore, we conclude that adaptation to deep water running reduces the difference in [Vdot]O_2max between the two modalities, possibly due to an increase in muscle recruitment. The results of this study support previous findings of a lower maximal and submaximal physiological response on deep water running for most of the measured parameters.  相似文献   

Effects of plyometric jump training on the physical fitness of young male soccer players: Modulation of response by inter-set recovery interval and maturation status     

Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo  Cristian Alvarez  Javier Sanchez-Sanchez  Maamer Slimani  Paulo Gentil  Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(23):2645-2652

ABSTRACT

The effects of plyometric jump training on the physical fitness of male youth (age = 10–17 years) soccer players was examined in relation to inter-set recovery intervals and the maturity of the players in a single-blind, randomized-and controlled crossover trial. Jumping tests and kicking velocities were measured before (T₀), after a 6 week control period (T₁), after 6 weeks of plyometrics (T₂), after 6 weeks of wash-out (T₃), and after a further 6 weeks of plyometrics (T₄). Subjects were divided into pre- and post- peak-height-velocity (PHV) groups, and were randomly assigned to 30 s or 120 s inter-set intervals during periods T₂ and T₄. Any changes in jumping and maximum kicking velocities during T₁ and T_3, had trivial effect sizes (0.01–0.15), but small to moderate improvements (effect size = 0.20–0.99) were observed in both groups during T₂ and T₄. Gains in pre-PHV players were similar for the two inter-set intervals, but gains in post-PHV players were greater (p < 0.05) with an inter-set recovery of 120 s than with a 30 s recovery. We conclude that plyometric jump training improves the physical fitness of adolescents, irrespective of their maturity, but that in older individuals gains are greater with a longer inter-set recovery interval.  相似文献