The Role of Religious Higher Education in the Training of Teachers of Russian ‘Orthodox Culture’1     

Agata Ładykowska 《European Journal of Education》2012,47(1):92-103

This article provides an ethnographic account of the tensions arising from the different ways of building authority as teachers and the role of higher education in establishing teachers' legitimacy in Russia through the specific example of religious education. After state atheism was abandoned in 1991, an unprecedented demand for religious knowledge appeared in Russia, in particular in relation to Russian Orthodoxy. Since the Russian context of Orthodox education lacks shared standards, there is considerable latitude in the criteria determining norms and rules. Seeking to increase its influence, the Russian Orthodox Church aspires to have Orthodox catechism taught in a systematic way both in parishes and in secular schools. In practice, the Church is encouraging professional pedagogues to submit their curriculum proposals that would be suffused with Orthodoxy and at the same time be eligible for adoption in all settings and institutions. Thus, in order to educate teachers of religion, the Church has made available multiple, diverse sources of religious knowledge (self-learning, various courses offered by the eparchies, Spiritual Academies, and other institutions of higher education). But the legitimacy of these sources is often questioned, for instance by asking whether the institution that delivers diplomas of religious higher education has been granted formal state recognition. The teachers' quest for being acknowledged as competent technicians of religious education leads to competing claims for the authenticity of the sources of their training.  相似文献   

Mechanism of craquelure pattern formation on panel paintings     

Leszek Krzemień  Michał Łukomski  Łukasz Bratasz  Roman Kozłowski  Marion F. Mecklenburg 《文物保护研究》2016,61(6):324-330

The drying shrinkage accumulation from exposure of freshly prepared gesso layers to relative humidity (RH) cycles was determined to elucidate the mechanism of craquelure pattern formation on panel paintings. The progresive drying shrinkage of the gesso is observed only under the cycles going to high RH levels which bring about transitions from brittle to ductile state of the material. The first incidence of fracture on the gesso layers occurred after a limited number of cycles ranging between a few and 100 for a range of layer thickness between 0.5 and 1?mm. The craquelure patterns stabilised also after a limited number of cycles (30 for the 1-mm thick layer). Upon increase in the gesso layer thickness, the strength of the layer is reduced and the spacing of shrinkage fractures increases. The study demonstrated that craquelure patterns, mimicking historical ones, can be realistically produced in laboratory conditions. Such studies would provide useful information for preparing specimens simulating historic panel paintings and would inform the current efforts on automatic, computer-aided classifications of crack formations on paintings.  相似文献   

LQ optimal sliding-mode supply policy for periodic-review perishable inventory systems     

PrzemysŁaw Ignaciuk  Andrzej Bartoszewicz 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2012,349(4):1561-1582

In this paper we consider the problem of designing an efficient supply strategy for logistic systems with perishable goods. In the analyzed systems, the stock at a distribution center is used to fulfill an unknown, time-varying market demand. The stock deteriorates exponentially, and is replenished with delay from a remote supply source. The objective is to specify a supply strategy such that high level of demand satisfaction is obtained despite unknown pattern of demand variations. As opposed to the previous approaches based mainly on heuristics and static optimization, we apply formal design methodology of sliding-mode control and discrete-time dynamical optimization. We show that the designed controller ensures full demand satisfaction irrespective of the value of delay and the demand uncertainty. Moreover, with the application of appropriate reaching law, the controller is demonstrated to conform to the supplier capacity limitations, and it outperforms the classical order-up-to policy in terms of higher service level, smaller holding costs, and smaller order-to-demand variance ratio.  相似文献   

Holocaust education in Polish public schools: Between remembrance and civic education     

Bogusław Milerski 《Prospects》2010,40(1):115-132

This article analyzes the historical and political context of Holocaust education, and its implementation in Polish schools. Perceptions of the Holocaust continue to change, influenced by Poland’s social and political situation. The Polish historical context is quite specific; it includes the long history of Poles and Jews as neighbours, with local resentments and animosities, and the Polish sense of being special victims of World War II and observers of the Nazis’ “final solution to the Jewish question”. These different types of social awareness have neutralized the remembrance of the Holocaust and its presence in school education. Similarly, the perception of the Holocaust in Polish schools has changed. Initially seen as just one element in the Nazis’ crimes against everyone in Poland, it is now understood as a singular phenomenon, the unparalleled mass extermination of the Jewish nation. From this perspective, I analyze Holocaust education, and its status in the curriculum and in pedagogical practice. I also report on my own research on the practice and meanings of Holocaust education in Polish public schools. Holocaust education should not be limited to the pedagogical transfer of remembrance but should also be associated with transforming social awareness and modern civic education.  相似文献   

Invitation of lifelong learning     

Czesław Kupisiewicz 《Prospects》1983,13(2):264-266

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Relative indexing on the basis of users' profiles     

Czesław Daniłowicz 《Information processing & management》1983,19(3):159-163

Principles for determining the profile of a system user have been presented. These principles are based on the analysis of co-occurrence of index terms in queries and pertinent documents. Moreover, a procedure for determining index term weights on the basis of user profiles has been introduced. The information value of the index term weights depends on the degree of homogeneity of the system users.  相似文献   

Reviews     

Clifton B. Chadwick  Françoise Caillods  Czesław Kupisiewicz 《Prospects》1987,17(3):469-482

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Methodology of world clearinghouse activity     

Konrad R. Fiałkowski  Mieczysław R. Muraszkiewicz  Alicja B. Tołwińska 《Information processing & management》1981,17(1):21-25

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Heuristic maximization of the number of spanning trees in regular graphs     

Jacek Wojciechowski  Jaros?aw Arabas 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2006,343(3):309-325

This paper deals with the problem of finding graphs (directed and undirected) maximizing the number of spanning trees among the regular graphs with the same number of nodes and edges. The approach is based on heuristic algorithms such as k-optimal and evolutionary. The emphasis is rather on checking whether these techniques are applicable to solving extremal graph problems than investigating generic structures of optimal graphs. For this reason circulant graphs, for which computationally effective tree counting formulas exist, are discussed first and then the results extended to cover the class of regular graphs.  相似文献   

Overweight and obesity versus concentrations of VEGF-A,sVEGFR-1, and sVEGFR-2 in plasma of patients with lower limb chronic ischemia     

Radosław Wieczór  Anna Maria Wieczór  Grażyna Gadomska  Katarzyna Stankowska  Jacek Fabisiak  Karol Suppan  Grzegorz Pulkowski  Jacek Budzyński  Danuta Rość 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2016,17(11):842-849

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