Charles Ferris: Jimmy Carter's FCC Innovator     

Reed W. Smith 《Journal of Radio & Audio Media》2014,21(1):149-162

Between 1977 and 1981, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Charles Ferris directed the FCC as it made history by modifying U.S. radio and telecommunications law. It was a revolutionary time, but for the most part neither Ferris, nor the man who appointed him, President Jimmy Carter, has received much credit for their role in remaking regulatory policy. Perhaps even more importantly, Ferris changed the philosophy of how the FCC went about rulemaking, which continues to guide the Commission to this day. This study—utilizing, in part, Ferris' own words—seeks to correct the record regarding the impact he had.  相似文献   

Thorns on My Tongue     

Malcolm Reed 《Changing English: An International Journal of English Teaching》2012,19(2):133-153

How might we bear witness to the fluidity and fragility of identity work that takes place during classroom discussion? How do teachers and pupils play with the personal politics of positioning during our everyday interactions? The piece that follows is written as a story almost entirely in everyday dialogue. It takes a methodological turn towards narrative imagining in order to develop an approach that explores the performance of projected, received and contested identity positions during an English lesson. A brief discussion of some of the issues raised and of what informed the process of writing serves as an epilogue to the story.  相似文献   

Effect of required response force on rats’ performance on a VI+ schedule of reinforcement     

Reed P 《Learning & behavior》2006,34(4):379-386

Three experiments were performed to examine the effect of response force on rats’ performance on various schedules of reinforcement. Response force was manipulated by changing the weight of the lever in the operant chamber—a heavy lever for high response force and a light lever for low response force. Using a within-subjects design, Experiment 1 replicated previous findings that rats respond more quickly on variable ratio (VR) than on equivalent variable-interval-plus-linear-feedback (VI+) schedules. Experiment 2 replicated this finding but also showed that the use of a smaller response force abolished the response rate difference between the VR and VI+ schedules. Experiment 3 used a between-subjects design and showed a response rate difference between the VR and VI+ schedules with a high response force but no response rate difference with a low response force. This suggests that under conditions of low force, when the rats’ responding can continue at prolonged high rates, these subjects show little difference in their response rates between VR and VI+ schedules. These data are similar to those found for human subjects.  相似文献