An international comparison of sectoral knowledge bases: persistence and integration in the pharmaceutical industry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stefano Brusoni  AldoGeuna   《Research Policy》2003,32(10):1897-1912

This paper builds upon and extends existing studies of scientific and technological specialisation by proposing an analytical framework to compare sectoral knowledge bases across countries. It develops the concepts of knowledge persistence and knowledge integration as the relevant dimensions along which knowledge bases can be compared. Persistence is studied by analysing the evolution of specialisation over time. It hints at the cumulative, path dependent nature of learning processes. Integration is studied by analysing the evolution of specialisation across different typologies of research. It hints at the complex, non-linear interdependencies that link the scientific and technological domains. On the strength of an original database encompassing 630,000 peer-reviewed papers published between 1989 and 1996 in 11 chemistry and pharmacology-related fields across three types of research (i.e. basic, applied and development), it is argued that countries with high degrees of both persistence and integration (e.g. the US in pharmacology) are the most likely sources of useful research results for EU firms’ innovative efforts in the pharmaceutical sector. Also, some doubts are cast on the existence of a European paradox in pharmaceuticals.  相似文献   

Changes in University Governance in France and in Italy     

Boffo  Stefano  Dubois  Pierre  Moscati  Roberto 《Tertiary Education and Management》2008,14(1):13-26

Tertiary Education and Management - The transformation of higher education systems under the pressure of new needs required by the “society of knowledge” in France and Italy has had a...  相似文献   

NO在赤铁矿(0001)表面吸附的第一性原理计算（英文）     

吴翠霞  孙涛  FABRIS Stefano  杜林 《中国科学院大学学报》2022,39(2):193-200

氮氧化物NO_x（NO,NO₂）是对人类健康有严重危害的大气污染物。近年来研究表明赤铁矿（α-Fe₂O₃）可作为高效光催化剂去除大气中NO_x,但NO_x气体在赤铁矿表面的吸附特性还未明确,阻碍了对其催化机理的进一步认识。基于密度泛函理论,采用包括电子强关联效应的PBE+U以及色散力修正的方法,对NO气体分子在α-Fe₂O₃ （0001）晶面的吸附行为进行深入研究,发现基于PBE+U方法获得的吸附能（E_ad=-0.64eV）比PBE获得的E_ad（-1.31eV）低近50%。这是由于电子强关联项U的引入降低了表面铁原子d轨道对价带顶的贡献,抑制了其化学活性,而NO具有一个未成对的π^*轨道电子,使得其对吸附基体的电子结构格外敏感。与+U不同,色散力修正不会显著改变体系的电子结构,只是使E_ad略有增加（-0.18 eV）。采用统计力学的Langmuir公式计算NO在α-Fe₂O₃ （0001）表面的热力学平衡占据数,发现基于+U的吸附能得到的平衡占据数与实验观测更为一致。这些结果揭示了电子强关联效应在α-Fe₂O₃表面化学中的重要作用,并为进一步研究NO_x在α-Fe₂O₃表面的光催化反应机理奠定了基础。  相似文献   

The impact of virtual technologies on knowledge-based processes: An empirical study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Antonino Vaccaro  Francisco Veloso  Stefano Brusoni   《Research Policy》2009,38(8):1278-1287

This study examines the organizational knowledge creation processes in two highly virtual teams involved in new product development projects in the automotive industry. Using Nonaka's model of knowledge creation, we explore how the virtualization of knowledge-based processes, i.e. the intensive exploitation of information and communication technologies (ICTs), has led to new forms of knowledge creation at both the individual and organizational levels. In contrast to previous studies that identify knowledge codification as the main contribution of ICTs, this study provides detailed micro-level evidence about the ability of virtual technologies to support the transfer and the creation of new knowledge – both explicit and tacit – and offers some implications for scholars and practitioners.  相似文献   

Touching epistemologies: meanings of average and variation in nursing practice     

Richard Noss  Stefano Pozzi  Celia Hoyles 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1999,40(1):25-51

We present a study of the meanings of average and variation displayed by paediatric nurses. We trace how these meanings shape, and are shaped by, nurses' interpretations of trends in patient and population data. We suggest a theoretical framework for making sense of the data which compares and contrasts nurses' epistemology with that of official mathematics. Finally, we outline some provisional didactical implications.This revised version was published online in September 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Popular Protest Against Hungarian Symbols in Croatia (1883–1903). A Study in Visual History     

Stefano Petrungaro 《Cultural and Social History》2016,13(4):503-520

The article investigates the visual dimension of popular protests in Habsburg Croatia at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century, reconstructing the history of a precise pattern of popular protest, i.e. anti-Hungarian unrests. Furthermore, the article explores the relationships that peasant masses established with some key national symbols, namely the Hungarian and Croatian flag, showing the multiple and contested meaning assigned to them by the members of the elite and the peasants. Second, the article shows how popular reception of these visual symbols changed during the examined period. The main issues addressed are therefore the mass nationalization and politicization of rural population in these regions, raising some general questions related to the symbolic language of social conflict.  相似文献   

Universities’ attractiveness to students: The Darwinism effect     

Mattia Cattaneo  Hugo Horta  Paolo Malighetti  Michele Meoli  Stefano Paleari 《Higher Education Quarterly》2019,73(1):85-99

Due to significant government cuts to Higher Education funding in Southern European systems, their already underfunded universities were forced to increasingly compete for students as sources of additional revenue. Concurrently, families and students that continued to afford participation in Higher Education became more selective when choosing a university, realising the riskier investment that Higher Education participation had become. Through a competing destinations model and relying on all Italian private and public universities, this study finds that the competition forces characterising universities’ attractiveness over the last decade have changed since the financial crisis of 2008. In a context of lower demand for Higher Education, the competition for students grew and universities in close proximity were better prepared to face the new challenges, leading to the growth of Higher Education clusters.  相似文献   

On crimes and punishments in virtual worlds: bots, the failure of punishment and players as moral entrepreneurs     

Stefano De Paoli  Aphra Kerr 《Ethics and Information Technology》2012,14(2):73-87

This paper focuses on the role of punishment as a critical social mechanism for cheating prevention in MMORPGs. The role of punishment is empirically investigated in a case study of the MMORPG Tibia (Cipsoft 1997–2011) () and by focusing on the use of bots to cheat. We describe the failure of punishment in Tibia, which is perceived by players as one of the elements facilitating the proliferation of bots. In this process some players act as a moral enterprising group contributing to the reform of the game rules and in particular to the reform of the Tibia punishment system by the game company. In the conclusion we consider the ethical issues raised by our findings and we propose some general reflections on the role of punishment and social mechanisms for the governance of online worlds more generally.  相似文献   

On the damage of frescoes and stuccoes on the lower surface of historical flat suspended light vaults     

Enrico Quagliarini  Stefano Lenci  Elena Seri 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2012,13(3):293-303

In many historical and monumental Italian buildings, frescoes or stuccoes of artistic and historical value are present on the lower surface of flat light vaults, made by wooden arches, reeds and plaster. These vaults are often suspended by wooden or metallic ties to the upper bearing structures. When differential settlements of the wooden arches happen (i.e.: due to a bad working of their hangings) cracks appear on these precious surfaces. This paper experimentally and numerically investigates on this issue, pointing out which constructive parameters mainly influence the cracking behaviour of the frescoed or stuccoed lower surface, and thus providing guide lines for designing compatible conservation and retrofitting interventions.  相似文献   

Diagnostic investigations and statistical validation of EDXRF mapping of the burial monument of Pope Sixtus IV by Antonio Pollaiolo (1493) in the Vatican     

Giovanni E. Gigante  Stefano Ridolfi  Daniela Ferro 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2012,13(3):345-351

It has become a common practice to include diagnostics and archaeometric studies during a masterpiece restoration. The advantages and limits of this approach are now topic of discussion in the community of researchers that is growing up quickly. The bronze burial monument of Pope Sixtus IV (1471–84) by Antonio del Pollaiolo, now in the Treasure Museum in the Vatican was intended to be located at the center of a chapel, this explains its apparent asymmetry: lack of height and large base. The restoration of the burial monument started in May 2007, it was carried out by first fulfilling a series of non-invasive analyses using a transportable EDXRF to map the composition of the alloy and evaluate the diagnostic capabilities for deterioration processes of the bronze surface. As a consequence of the first non-invasive diagnostic campaign, a second campaign of micro invasive tests was planned and carried out. The samples were analysed with SEM-EDS and XRF techniques. In this article some of the results of the EDXRF tests will be shown together with the procedures set up to maximize the diagnostic information obtained and minimize the need of microsampling from the artefact. The results and the statistical analysis of data show that a straightforward planning of the measurements can give several, sometimes unexpected, results in the definition of the state of conservation of the monument and also from an archaeometric point of view. With a high amount of data, the use of statistical analysis is necessary, for example in our case, the analysis of the variance confirmed the hypothesis of the use of different alloys for the elements of the panels.  相似文献