Quantum algorithms: A?survey of some recent results     

Martin R?tteler 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2006,55(3):3-20

Quantum algorithms are a field of growing interest within the theoretical computer science as well as the physics community. Surprisingly, although the number of researchers working on the subject is ever-increasing, the number of quantum algorithms found so far is quite small. In fact, the task of designing new quantum algorithms has been proven to be extremely difficult. In this paper we give an overview of the known quantum algorithms and briefly describe the underlying ideas. Roughly, the algorithms presented are divided into hidden subgroup type algorithms and in amplitude amplification type algorithms. While the former deal with problems of group-theoretical nature and have the promise to yield strong separations of classical and quantum algorithms, the latter have been proved to be a prolific source of algorithms in which a polynomial speed-up as compared to classical algorithms can be achieved. We also discuss quantum algorithms which do not fall under these two categories and give a survey of techniques of general interest in quantum computing such as adiabatic computing, lower bounds for quantum algorithms, and quantum interactive proofs.  相似文献   

Publisher and author partnerships: a changing landscape     

John J. Regazzi  Nicole A. Caliguiri 《Learned Publishing》2006,19(3):183-192

This article discusses the changing relationships of authors and publishers, the current trends and challenges they face, and the direction of these relationships in the future. As the STM publishing industry finds itself in the midst of significant technological and economic changes, this article provides background to these changes and looks at the key elements, including open access business development, institutional repository trends, and emerging public financing policies in the future.  相似文献   

Special populations: the female player and the youth player     

Rosenbloom CA  Loucks AB  Ekblom B 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(7):783-793

Females and youth are frequently described as "special" populations in football literature, but together these two populations outnumber male players. What makes females "special" is that they tend to eat less when training and competing than their male counterparts, leading to lower intakes of energy, carbohydrate, and some nutrients. Youth football players are special in regard to energy and nutrient requirements to promote growth and development, as well as to fuel sport. There is limited research on the dietary habits of these two populations, but the available literature suggests that many female and youth players need to increase carbohydrate intake, increase fluid intake, and develop dietary habits to sustain the demands of training and competition.  相似文献   

Indexing from A to Z,The H. W. Wilson Company. New York. Hans H. Wellisch, 1991, pp. xxvi, 461. isbn 0-8242-0807-2 £31.00 (cased) Available in the UK from Thompson Henry Ltd,London Rd,Sun-ningdale,Berks SL5 0EP.     

John A. Vickers 《Learned Publishing》1992,5(2):117-118

  相似文献   

青少年跳高赛前控制训练的实验研究     

宋允清 《浙江体育科学》2001,23(4):4-6

为了探讨跳高赛前控制训练这一课题，我们运用运动训练学的基本原理，采用随训跟踪的方法．对其进行了实验探讨，旨在摸索跳高赛前控制训练的一般规律，为青少年跳高的科学化训练积累经验。  相似文献   

Pre-season physiological characteristics of English first and second division soccer players.     

J A Davis  J Brewer  D Atkin 《Journal of sports sciences》1992,10(6):541-547

This investigation was undertaken in an effort to establish physiological characteristics of soccer players and to relate them to positional roles. A total of 135 footballers (age 24.4 +/- 4.6 years) were assessed for body mass, % body fat, haemoglobin, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), leg power, anaerobic capacity and speed prior to an English league season. The sample included 13 goalkeepers, 22 full-backs, 24 centre-backs, 35 midfield players and 41 forwards. The goalkeepers were significantly heavier (86.1 +/- 5.5 kg; P < 0.01) than all groups except the centre-backs, had significantly higher estimated body fat percentages than centre-backs, forwards, midfield players (P < 0.01) or full-backs (P < 0.05), significantly lower estimated VO2 max values (56.4 +/- 3.9 ml kg-1 min-1; P < 0.01) and were slowest over 60 m (12.71 +/- 0.42 s). The midfield players had the highest predicted VO2 max values (61.4 +/- 3.4 ml kg-1 min-1), this being significantly greater (P < 0.05) than for the centre-backs. The forwards were the fastest group over 60 m (12.19 +/- 0.30 s), being significantly quicker than goalkeepers or centre-backs (P < 0.01) and full-backs (P < 0.05). Anaerobic power, as well as knee extensor torques (corrected for body mass) and extensor-flexor ratios, were similar between groups. No difference in estimated body fat percentage was observed between any of the outfield players, and haemoglobin concentrations were similar among players of all positions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Recent changes in the educational placement of deaf students     

A Schildroth 《American annals of the deaf》1988,133(2):61-67

  相似文献   

Sektion Historische Bildungsforschung     

Petra G?tte 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2006,17(33):129-137

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

The laser printer as an agent of change     

Barbara A. Brannon 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2002,17(4):3-8

  相似文献   

The Regrettable Necessity of Contingent Valuation     

Richard A. Epstein 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2003,27(3-4):259-274

Ordinary markets allow parties, not the state, to value property and projects. But they do not account for subjective value in such traditional contexts as condemnation. An awareness of these nonmarket values helps overcome any categorical opposition to the use of the contingent valuation method (CVM) to value cultural and environmental resources. But accurate CVM should measure all values, positive or negative, tononowners; it should apply generally to any substitute projects; and it should seek to account for diminishing marginal value of additional resource units. CVM should be used only to aggregate nonmarket preferences, not to skew the political debate to cultural or environmental objectives.  相似文献