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61.
中俄原油管线穿越了多年冻土区及季节性冻土区, 沿线冻土分布研究对于管线安全营运具有重要的意义.通过地表温度模型获得边界条件, 并利用ANSYS软件模拟了不同研究区段下的管道冻土温度场.研究结果表明: 对于年平均地表温度为-1 ℃的区段, 管道油温对管道周围温度场影响半径约3 m, 油温振幅对管道上下侧土层温度影响不同.距离管道中心2. 45 m处和10 m处的冻土上限与油温振幅也存在响应关系. 相似文献
62.
Nuwar Mawlawi Diab Author vitae 《Assessing Writing》2011,16(4):274-292
This paper reports on a quasi-experimental study comparing the effects of peer-editing to self-editing on improving students’ revised drafts. The study involved two intact classes (experimental and control groups) of an English course. The experimental group practiced peer-editing while the control group engaged in self-editing. After receiving sufficient training in their respective type of editing, both groups wrote a graded argumentative essay in two drafts. Results of a MANCOVA test carried out on the graded essay written by the two groups showed a statistically significant difference in revised writing in favour of peer-editing. A random sample of seven peer-edited and self-edited essays was analyzed to determine the differences between peer-editors’ and self-editors’ ability to notice errors, revise, and improve them. Results revealed that while peer-editors and self-editors had more or less the same noticing ability, writers who engaged in self-editing revised more errors than writers who received peer-feedback. In contrast, writers who engaged in peer-editing improved their revised drafts more than self-editors did. Differences in revised writing performance between the two groups are attributed to the use of language learning strategies, peer interaction, and engagement with language. The paper concludes with implications for classroom teaching/learning and recommendations for future research. 相似文献
63.
Despite the high stakes attached to students’ performance on assessments of academic writing, we still know little about the challenges students face when composing in academic contexts. To begin to address this problem, two studies were designed with the following aims: to identify and describe the most prevalent types of academic writing at the secondary level, and to characterize the challenges that both English Language Learners (ELLs) and non-English-Language Learners (non-ELLs) experience with this type of writing. Findings from these studies reveal that (1) in the context of New York City schools, exposition/argument is the most prevalent genre assigned as a writing task in secondary classrooms, as well as the most valued; and that (2) while both Intermediate ELLs and non-ELLs articulated Translating (the process of articulating ideas in the conventions of written English) as the most frequent challenge, the two groups differed in the kinds of Translating challenges and in the types and range of other challenges they articulated: ELLs articulated fewer challenges specifically related to the genre of exposition than did non-ELLs. Based on these findings we suggest several new approaches to classroom diagnostic assessment of writing, and raise issues to be considered in these approaches. 相似文献
64.
Brent Bridgeman Catherine Trapani Jennifer Bivens-TatumAuthor vitae 《Assessing Writing》2011,16(4):237-255
Writing task variants can increase test security in high-stakes essay assessments by substantially increasing the pool of available writing stimuli and by making the specific writing task less predictable. A given prompt (parent) may be used as the basis for one or more different variants. Six variant types based on argument essay prompts from a large-scale, high-stakes North American writing assessment and six based on issue prompts from the same test were created and evaluated in the research section of the test administrations in the winter of 2009. Examinees were asked to volunteer to write an essay on one of the new prompt/variant tasks. Essays were obtained from 7573 examinees for argument prompts and 10,827 examinees for issue prompts. Results indicated that all variant types produced reasonably similar means, standard deviations, and rater reliabilities, suggesting that the variant strategy should be useable for operational administrations in high stakes essay assessments. Variant type did not interact with gender, ethnicity, or language (self-report that English or another language is the examinee's “best” language). 相似文献
65.
Mary Leigh Morbey Author vitae 《Museum Management and Curatorship》2006,21(4):267-282
Information communications technology provides a way on the World Wide Web for national museums to represent the cultural artefacts they house. Framed by the notion of cybercolonization, a colonizing of cultures and cultural institutions by computing ideas, this on-site case study of the State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia examines computing ideas shaping information communications technology developments within the museum and, particularly, its current IBM sponsored website 〈http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/〉. The paper will illuminate subtle cybercolonizing influences by Global IBM evident in the website structure, design, targeting, esthetic choices, cultural content realignment, IBM corporate e-business underlay, and American English branding. The notion of cyberglocalization, an adapting of global cyber processes to local circumstances, is offered as an avenue to address colonization present in the Hermitage-IBM website. The case study offers museum professionals an illustration of the underlying assumptions about information communications technology (ICT) ideas, interaction, and appearance in the development of museum websites. 相似文献
66.
Nevra Ertürk Author vitae 《Museum Management and Curatorship》2006,21(4):336-348
Archaeological site museums play an important role in the protection of the world's cultural heritage. Turkey, which is a country rich with traces of many world civilizations, has five archaeological site museums. These museums, however, require sustainable and effective management plans in order to realize properly on-site preservation, documentation, research, exhibition and interpretation, as well as to raise public awareness and to provide an economic income for the locals. In this context, this paper aims to define the current situation of archaeological sites and museums with a focus on archaeological site museums in Turkey; to discuss the role of archaeological site museums in the protection of cultural heritage, as well as their management difficulties, and will conclude with a management model for archaeological site museums in Turkey. 相似文献
67.
Jens Olsen (1840–1911), head principal of the Danish town of Varde was in many ways typical for his time. He was an engaging teacher and school reformer. But he was also a Christian, a believer in the ideas of the Danish priest, N. F. S. Grundtvig. Last but not least, he was curious. His curiosity and interest in the nature of children brought him in contact with the Anglo-American movement of child study. This chapter tells the story of how child studies became his way of trying to bridge the gap between the Darwinian approach to the history of humanity and a Christian view. 相似文献