The influence of Cardan rotation sequence on angular orientation data for the lower limb in the soccer kick     

Adrian Lees  Gabor Barton  Mark Robinson 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):445-450

Abstract

The influence of the Cardan rotation sequence on the orientation angles for joints is well known but has not been explored for dynamic sports movements. The purpose of this study is to establish the influence of Cardan rotation sequence on the orientation angles of the ankle, knee, and hip of the support leg and pelvis during dynamic sports movements, typified by a maximal instep kick in soccer. We found that: (a) the X (flexion/extension) axis rotations provide data that are robust for any sequence used other than the YXZ sequence, although the Y (abduction/adduction) and Z (internal/external) axes rotations are variable in both shape and offset magnitude; (b) the preferred rotation sequence is either XYZ or XZY for dynamic sports movements, although for the soccer kick the XYZ rotation sequence has been widely used and so this is recommended as a standard; and (c) most uncertainties exist in the Y and Z axes and are most apparent at the beginning of the movement. Where uncertainty exists in identifying Y and Z axes orientations, the integrated angular velocity may be considered as an alternative to determine the relative changes in segment orientation.  相似文献   

Convergence of Sequences and Series 2: Interactions Between Nonvisual Reasoning and the Learner’s Beliefs about their own Role     

Lara Alcock  Adrian Simpson 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2005,58(1):77-100

This paper examines the work of students who, when reasoning about real analysis, do so almost exclusively by means of verbal and algebraic reasoning, and tend not to incorporate visual images into their work. It examines the work of students from two parallel courses of introductory real analysis, whose reasoning ranges from those who introduce definitions appropriately and work with them competently, to those who cannot recall definitions and appear to manipulate notation without regard for its reference. It presents a theory that relates the differences to students expectations regarding their role as learners of mathematics. Throughout, the argument is illustrated with interview data from which the theory was inductively generated.  相似文献   

Cognitive Empathy and the Transition to Independent Graduate Study in Mathematics     

Janet?DuffinEmail author  Adrian?Simpson 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2005,58(1):121-135

Thirteen Ph.D. students took part in interviews focussed on the nature of their own learning of mathematics. In analysing these interviews an unexpected category emerged concerning the students awareness of others as having particular types of learning goal. In this paper we explore the three levels which we discerned within this category and link them to the notion of cognitive empathy. We suggest that differences in ones own cognitive style are linked to differences in the ability to empathise with those who have alternative learning goals. We also consider how these two features – cognitive style and cognitive empathy – may come to be linked.  相似文献   

Understanding Differences in Academic Effectiveness: Practitioners’ Views∗     

Pam Sammons  Sally Thomas  Peter Mortimore  Adrian Walker  Rosemary Cairns  John Bausor 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2013,24(3):286-309

As part of a large‐scale study of the ability of 94 secondary schools to promote academic achievement, case studies of six outlier schools were conducted and headteachers (principals) and their deputies were questioned about the processes of effectiveness. The analysis of their responses ‐ grouped by the performance of their school (measured by value added analyses of three years of public examination results) as effective, ineffective or mixed ‐ reveals considerable support for previously cited characteristics of effective schooling. Despite the limitations imposed by a reliance on the use of retrospective accounts, the study takes forward the field of school effectiveness in its search for generalisable findings and coherent theory.

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Implicit Association Tests of Attitudes Toward Persons With Disabilities     

Adrian Thomas  Edwin D. Vaughn  Andrea Doyle  Robert Bubb 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(2):184-204

The authors assessed 3 of the currently available implicit association tests designed to measure attitudes toward persons with disabilities. The Revised Multiple Disability Implicit Association Test, the Implicit Association Test for Attitudes Toward Athletes With Disabilities, and the Disability Attitude Implicit Association Test were related to each other, demonstrating some consistency in measurement. They were mostly unrelated, however, to more traditional, explicit measures of attitudes toward persons with disabilities. In addition, although the implicit association tests were not related to socially desirable responding, the most psychometrically sound explicit measure (The Interaction With Disabled Persons Scale) was related to socially desirable responding.  相似文献   

The Swiss “Tina Fey Effect”: The Content of Late-Night Political Humor and the Negative Effects of Political Parody on the Evaluation of Politicians     

Jörg Matthes  Adrian Rauchfleisch 《Communication quarterly》2013,61(5):596-614

This article investigates the content and effects of political humor on late-night television. Besides conducting a systematic content analysis of a Swiss late-night show, this article examines the effects of late-night political parody on competence evaluations of politicians. An experiment manipulated the televised parody of a politician and measured political knowledge. Results show that exposure to a televised political parody decreased competence ratings of politicians only for individuals high in political knowledge. The reason is that viewers must already have an understanding of current political affairs to “get the joke”—that is, the implicit message transported by the parody. The implications of such a negative “Tina Fey Effect” are discussed.  相似文献   

Exploring students’ understanding of electrochemical cells using an enhanced two-tier diagnostic instrument     

Adrian Sin Loy Loh  Kim Chwee Daniel Tan 《Research in Science & Technological Education》2013,31(3):229-250

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Social Loafing in a Co-operative Classroom Task     

Adrian C. North  P. Alex Linley  David J. Hargreaves 《教育心理学》2000,20(4):389-392

Social loafing refers to the tendency for individuals to reduce their own personal input when performing as part of group. This phenomenon may be problematic if it exists in educational contexts, given a current emphasis on group collaborative classroom activities. The present study investigated whether social loafing existed in a collaborative educational task, employing groups of three and eight participants. The results indicated that individuals working within the smaller groups were more productive than those working in larger groups, consistent with the social loafing hypothesis. Future research should determine whether the detrimental effects on students' collaborative performance attributable to social loafing are justifiable in terms of gains accrued in other (e.g. interpersonal) domains.  相似文献   

Reviews     

Phil Dowe  William Demopoulos  Nessy Allen  Martin Rudwick  F. John Clendinnen  Rachel A. Ankeny  Dorinda Outram  John Forge  William Sarjeant  Keith Campbell  Paul Sheldon Davies  Ketil Gjølme Andersen  Adrian J. Walsh  Wendy Varney  Robert E. Kahn 《Metascience》2000,9(1):108-163

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Value differences in foreign students     

Adrian Furnham  Naznin Alibhai 《Int J Intercult Relat》1985,9(4):365-375

The Rokeach Value Survey was administered to four equivalent groups of students studying in London. It was hypothesized that a number of differences would occur between these groups based on their country of origin, respective affluence and traditional cultural values. Half of the values showed significant differences between groups with the British Control Group and the Europeans being most often more similar to each other than the other groups. The Africans were most different from the three other groups. These results were interpreted in terms of cultural and economic differences and related specifically to the literature of sojourner adjustment. Limitations of the research are also noted.  相似文献