Eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage dissociates the lactate and gas exchange thresholds     

Davies RC  Rowlands AV  Poole DC  Jones AM  Eston RG 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(2):181-189

We tested the hypothesis that exercise-induced muscle damage would increase the ventilatory (V(E)) response to incremental/ramp cycle exercise (lower the gas exchange threshold) without altering the blood lactate profile, thereby dissociating the gas exchange and lactate thresholds. Ten physically active men completed maximal incremental cycle tests before (pre) and 48 h after (post) performing eccentric exercise comprising 100 squats. Pulmonary gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath and fingertip blood sampled at 1-min intervals for determination of blood lactate concentration. The gas exchange threshold occurred at a lower work rate (pre: 136 ± 27 W; post: 105 ± 19 W; P < 0.05) and oxygen uptake (VO(2)) (pre: 1.58 ± 0.26 litres · min(-1); post: 1.41 ± 0.14 litres · min(-1); P < 0.05) after eccentric exercise. However, the lactate threshold occurred at a similar work rate (pre: 161 ± 19 W; post: 158 ± 22 W; P > 0.05) and VO(2) (pre: 1.90 ± 0.20 litres · min(-1); post: 1.88 ± 0.15 litres · min(-1); P > 0.05) after eccentric exercise. These findings demonstrate that exercise-induced muscle damage dissociates the V(E) response to incremental/ramp exercise from the blood lactate response, indicating that V(E) may be controlled by additional or altered neurogenic stimuli following eccentric exercise. Thus, due consideration of prior eccentric exercise should be made when using the gas exchange threshold to provide a non-invasive estimation of the lactate threshold.  相似文献   

Editorial issues     

Rosemary Roberts 《Learned Publishing》1997,10(2):179-184

The sequence of events in much electronic publishing is to transform material prepared for publication in print into an electronic product post hoc. This paper describes the editorial thinking and planning behind the preparation of the New Dictionary of National Biography for publication in print and electronic form, in particular the issues arising from the attempt to capture ‘clean’ information from literary prose.  相似文献   

Data Handling: An Introduction to Higher Order Processes     

Jane M Watson  Rosemary A Callingham 《Teaching Statistics》1997,19(1):12-17

An activity is described which allows students with a range of abilities to become involved in data analysis and informal inference while working in self-selected small group environments.  相似文献   

Motivation and demotivation of teachers in primary schools: the challenge of change     

Rosemary Addison  Mark Brundrett 《Education 3-13》2013,41(1):79-94

Motivation is crucial to both individual and organisational performance and even a very able and well-trained member of staff will not perform effectively unless they are motivated to do so. Despite this fact, research into the motivation of teachers is limited both internationally and, more specifically, in relation to the English system of education which has undergone a series of rapid, multiple and systemic changes since the 1988 Education Act which are likely to have affected teachers' motivation and morale. This article reports on research in six primary schools in England which attempted to determine the nature of the issues impacting upon motivation and demotivation at the start of the twenty-first century. The study provides additional insight about how these factors might be affected by ethnographic and demographic characteristics. Findings suggest that the principal motivators for teachers in primary schools are extrinsic motivators, such as positive responses from children and that, conversely, demotivators are poor responses from children and workload factors.  相似文献   

Causes of Wrongful Conviction: Looking at Student Knowledge     

James G. Bell  Kimberley A. Clow  Rosemary Ricciardelli 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2013,24(1):75-96

The current study investigates the impact of a criminal justice education on student knowledge about wrongful conviction. Past research has found fallibility of hard evidence (e.g., eyewitness misidentification), police and lawyer behaviors (e.g., tunnel vision), and social group discrimination to be underlying causes of wrongful conviction. We developed a survey to investigate student knowledge of these underlying causes, comparing participants in different years and programs of study. The findings suggest that criminal justice majors were at times more aware of the underlying causes of wrongful conviction than noncriminal justice majors, specifically in regards to the fallibility of hard evidence and social group discrimination. Criminal justice majors were not more knowledgeable in the areas of police and lawyer behavior. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the scope of criminal justice education and future careers in criminal justice.  相似文献   

INTRODUCTION: COMMUNITY COLLEGE LEADERSHIP: PERSPECTIVES OF WOMEN AS PRESIDENTS     

Rosemary Gillett-Karam 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(3):167-170

For many years, I pursued the role of a university professor, a great fortune for me, a reward for loving to read. Moreover, my emphasis, women in leadership roles and administration, gave me anopportunity to research women's ways of leading. In work at the University of Texas with John Roueche, I began to examine the modest gain women were making in that most egalitarian institution, the community college. It occurred to me as it did to others in university research (Twombly, Amey, Sagaria, Townshend, Pancrazio, Duvall, Desjardiens, Moore, Keim) that women's leadership needed a boost. Not content to paint a dismal picture, several thinkers began to examine what efforts and successes guided women's leadership. Most of us had been seriously affected by an insightful new discourse on women led by Gilligan (1982). In a Different Voiced; was a beacon for research, allowing women the privilege of saying there is more than one yardstick for measuring moral responsibility. Women,Gilligan stated,arrived at their responsibilities through care and concern,a different way from the path of justice men focused on.  相似文献   

"La Lucha Sigue!": Lessons from the U.S.-Mexican Border     

Rosemary Hennessy 《Review of Education, Pedagogy & Cultural Studies》2013,35(1-2):135-142

One of the most remarkable events of the past two years has been the emergence of an organized international movement that explicitly targets capitalism.  相似文献   

Contrast agent-free sonoporation: The use of an ultrasonic standing wave microfluidic system for the delivery of pharmaceutical agents     

Carugo D  Ankrett DN  Glynne-Jones P  Capretto L  Boltryk RJ  Zhang X  Townsend PA  Hill M 《Biomicrofluidics》2011,5(4):44108-4410815

Sonoporation is a useful biophysical mechanism for facilitating the transmembrane delivery of therapeutic agents from the extracellular to the intracellular milieu. Conventionally, sonoporation is carried out in the presence of ultrasound contrast agents, which are known to greatly enhance transient poration of biological cell membranes. However, in vivo contrast agents have been observed to induce capillary rupture and haemorrhage due to endothelial cell damage and to greatly increase the potential for cell lysis in vitro. Here, we demonstrate sonoporation of cardiac myoblasts in the absence of contrast agent (CA-free sonoporation) using a low-cost ultrasound-microfluidic device. Within this device an ultrasonic standing wave was generated, allowing control over the position of the cells and the strength of the acoustic radiation forces. Real-time single-cell analysis and retrospective post-sonication analysis of insonated cardiac myoblasts showed that CA-free sonoporation induced transmembrane transfer of fluorescent probes (CMFDA and FITC-dextran) and that different mechanisms potentially contribute to membrane poration in the presence of an ultrasonic wave. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, we have shown for the first time that sonoporation induces increased cell cytotoxicity as a consequence of CA-free ultrasound-facilitated uptake of pharmaceutical agents (doxorubicin, luteolin, and apigenin). The US-microfluidic device designed here provides an in vitro alternative to expensive and controversial in vivo models used for early stage drug discovery, and drug delivery programs and toxicity measurements.  相似文献   

Before ‘us’ and ‘now’: developing a sense of historical consciousness and identity at the museum     

Rosemary Dunn 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2019,27(4):360-373

ABSTRACT

Young children seem to begin to develop a sense of historical consciousness and associated belonging to a wider collective identity prior to the commencement of formal schooling. Historical consciousness is a capacity to differentiate and also make connections between the past, present and future that contributes to a growing understanding of one’s own life and identity in the context of a historical past. The responses of 24 young children aged from 3 to 7 years visiting a small social history museum were analysed through photo-elicitation and parent reports. It would seem that the museum experience assisted in the development of foundational concepts of historical consciousness. Growth of a sense of historical identity was evident for some children, related to a sense of belonging to the ‘we’ of contemporary times in contrast to the ‘they’ of the past. The role of language to support young children’s understanding and thinking is highlighted by this research.  相似文献   

Making different equal? Fractured state and ruptured policy: The National Qualifications Framework in South Africa     

Rosemary Lugg 《International Journal of Educational Development》2009

This paper explores the making of the National Qualifications Framework (NQF) in South Africa, and asks how a policy that was intended to unite education and training, and build new forms of equality, failed to become hegemonic as the new state established itself. In so doing, it engages, and argues for, theoretical tools that help keep ‘the state’ at the centre of policy analysis. The paper explores a rupture within the NQF between the fields of education and training by examining practices through which the policy developed between 1985 and 2007. Informed by involvement in these events, the author draws on data gathered from documents and interviews with over 70 participants engaged in making the NQF. Using a conceptual vocabulary derived from Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory the paper analyses the way social antagonisms were constructed and political frontiers drawn in changing political conditions [Laclau, E., Mouffe, C., 1985. Hegemony and Socialist Strategy. Towards a Radical Democratic Politics. Verso, London]. The paper argues that the emergence, development and rupture in the NQF can be explained in relation to shifting hegemonic practices that sought to organise social relations throughout the transition and within the post-apartheid era. The policy is portrayed as a feature of the political transition, marking the articulation of elements within the fields of education and training by hegemonic formations concerned with securing a democratic economy within a global market. The analysis runs that there has been a failure to maintain hegemony and that a rupture has occurred along a fault line within the South African state between practices building a corporatist state and those constructing a developmental state. The paper argues that the fractures built into the South African NQF point to complex challenges that states ‘at the margins’ face when simultaneously articulating with differing, contradictory globalised practices, whilst also seeking to build equitable national education systems. Local concerns remain significant in struggles to re-make the state, and education and training policy.  相似文献