Ecological dynamics of continuous and categorical decision-making: The regatta start in sailing     

Duarte Araújo  Keith Davids  Ana Diniz  Luis Rocha  João Coelho Santos  Gonçalo Dias 《European Journal of Sport Science》2015,15(3):195-202

Abstract

Ecological dynamics of decision-making in the sport of sailing exemplifies emergent, conditionally coupled, co-adaptive behaviours. In this study, observation of the coupling dynamics of paired boats during competitive sailing showed that decision-making can be modelled as a self-sustained, co-adapting system of informationally coupled oscillators (boats). Bytracing the spatial–temporal displacements of the boats, time series analyses (autocorrelations, periodograms and running correlations) revealed that trajectories of match racing boats are coupled more than 88% of the time during a pre-start race, via continuous, competing co-adaptions between boats. Results showed that both the continuously selected trajectories of the sailors (12 years of age) and their categorical starting point locations were examples of emergent decisions. In this dynamical conception of decision-making behaviours, strategic positioning (categorical) and continuous displacement of a boat over the course in match-race sailing emerged as a function of interacting task, personal and environmental constraints. Results suggest how key interacting constraints could be manipulated in practice to enhance sailors' perceptual attunement to them in competition.  相似文献   

Analysis of the professional choice self-efficacy scale using the Rasch-Andrich rating scale model     

Rodolfo A. M. Ambiel  Ana Paula Porto Noronha  Lucas de Francisco Carvalho 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2015,15(3):205-219

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Social presence and virtual collaborative learning processes in higher education / Presencia social y procesos de aprendizaje colaborativo virtual en educación superior     

Rosa Colomina  Ana Remesal 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2015,38(3):647-680

The concept of social presence proposed in studies on communities of inquiry has highlighted both the importance and the challenges of integrating aspects such as affective and relational expressions among team members while solving collaborative learning tasks, in order to advance in a global comprehension of learning processes. This paper presents a theoretical and methodological proposal for tackling this issue from a socio-cultural perspective by analysing the participants’ discourse in relation to expressions of self-competence (at an individual and group level) concerning the task and group cohesion (task cohesion and social cohesion). This proposal’s potential is illustrated by the empirical results of a case study that analyses social presence during a collaborative work task by university students using the Moodle learning platform.  相似文献   

Experiencias Pedagógicas Interculturales: Sobre los Desafíos a la Educación en la Frontera Noroeste de Argentina     

Ana de Anquín  María Dolores Bazán 《Journal of Latinos & Education》2015,14(2):106-115

En este artículo reflexionamos sobre algunas experiencias pedagógicas interculturales que han significado transformaciones profundas en nuestras prácticas como investigadoras, docentes y extensionistas de la Universidad Nacional de Salta, transitando contextos rurales y aislados en el norte de Argentina, por más de veinte años. Prestamos especial atención a dos experiencias desarrolladas, una en la región andina y otra en el llamado Umbral al Chaco, con comunidades guaraníes. Problematizamos las concepciones sobre interculturalidad y ponemos en cuestión ciertos significados y metodologías dominantes en el campo de la investigación educativa y la formación docente para la educación intercultural.  相似文献   

Evaluating the Portuguese National Reading Plan: teachers’ perceptions on the impact in schools     

António Firmino da Costa  Elsa Pegado  Patrícia Ávila  Ana Rita Coelho 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2015,14(2):119-138

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Training Effects on Older Adults in Information and Communication Technologies Considering Psychosocial Variables     

Sónia Ferreira  Ana Torres  Óscar Mealha  Ana Veloso 《Educational gerontology》2015,41(7):482-493

The main aim of this study is to contribute knowledge about the impact of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) on the self-concept, mood, and quality of life of institutionalized older adults in retirement homes and day care centers (Portuguese institutions). It also studies the influence of independent variables such as age; education; referral to the institution (own initiative, indicated by friends, indicated by family, indicated by social security); attendance schedule; and visits from family and friends. The study comprised 41 participants organized into two groups: 22 older adults in the ICT Group and 19 older adults in the Passive Control Group. There were three evaluation periods: before the onset of intervention and 11 and 22 months after intervention began. The results demonstrate that involvement with information and communication technologies produced positive effects on older adults’ social behavior and their self-perception of physical and environment facets of quality of life. Moreover, they suggest that there is a relationship between psychosocial variables and independent variables.  相似文献   

A strategic approach of the crucial elements for the implementation of digital tools and processes in higher education     

Francesc M. Esteve-Mon  Ana Yara Postigo-Fuentes  Linda Castañeda 《Higher Education Quarterly》2023,77(3):558-573

Implementation of digital tools and processes in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) as an emergent activity depends on the sociomaterial relationships between institutional factors that dynamically interact with each other. This article systematically explores through a literature review some of the most relevant and up-to-date published studies to identify the ‘important factors’ to consider for the implementation of digital tools and processes in HEI. The goal of the paper is to turn these factors, conceived initially as previous conditions or characteristics of the institutions or people, into a list of strategic elements to be fostered by HEI leadership teams to promote better implementation of digital tools and processes in their institutions. In the final part of this work, we propose a framework that reflects these elements in a visual approach that highlights the activity-centred character of the framework as well as the emergent character of the implementation process itself.  相似文献   

Determinants of the Web accessibility of European banks     

Ana B. Martínez  Javier De Andrés  Julita García 《Information processing & management》2014

This paper aims at identifying the factors influencing the implementation of Web accessibility (WA) by European banks. We studied a database made up of 49 European banks whose shares are included in the Dow Jones EURO STOXX® TMI Banks [8300] Index. Regarding the factors for the implementation, we considered three feasible reasons. Firstly, WA adoption can be motivated by operational factors, as WA can aid in increasing operational efficiency. Secondly, we expect large banks to have higher WA levels, as small firms face competitive disadvantages with regard to technology adoption. Lastly, WA can also be understood as a part of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategy, so, the more committed a bank is to CSR, the more prone it will be to implement WA. Our results indicate that neither the operational factors nor the firm size seem to have exerted a significant influence on WA adoption. Regarding CSR commitment, results indicate a significant influence on WA adoption. However, the effect of the influence is contrary to that hypothesized, since more CSR-committed banks have less accessible Web sites. A possible reason for this result is that banks not included in the CSR indexes try to overcome this drawback by engaging in alternative CSR activities such as WA.  相似文献   

Innovation across Europe: How important are institutional differences?     

Natália Barbosa Ana Paula Faria 《Research Policy》2011,40(9):1157-1169

By changing the level of competition and/or affecting the allocation of resources, institutions can play a very important role on innovation activity. In this paper we investigate the relative importance of institutional variation across European countries in explaining differences in their innovation intensity at the industry level. We employ a novel indicator of innovation therefore circumventing the limitations of more traditional indicators. Our results are broadly consistent with previous empirical literature. They show that stringent product and labor market regulation affects innovation intensity negatively, and that more developed credit markets foster innovation. However, the empirical findings also raise doubts with respect to the strengthening of intellectual property rights as a means to stimulate innovation, a result that is in accordance with recent propositions in the literature.  相似文献   

Physiological determinants of speciality of elite middle- and long-distance runners     

Rabadán M  Díaz V  Calderón FJ  Benito PJ  Peinado AB  Maffulli N 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(9):975-982

The aim of this study was to determine which physiological variables predict excellence in middle- and long-distance runners. Forty middle-distance runners (age 23 ± 4 years, body mass 67.2 ± 5.9 kg, stature 1.80 ± 0.05 m, VO(2max) 65.9 ± 4.5 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)) and 32 long-distance runners (age 25 ± 4 years, body mass 59.8 ± 5.1 kg, stature 1.73 ± 0.06 m, VO(2max) 71.6 ± 5.0 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)) competing at international standard performed an incremental running test to exhaustion. Expired gas analysis was performed breath-by-breath and maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) and two ventilatory thresholds (VT(1) and VT(2)) were calculated. Long-distance runners presented a higher VO(2max) than middle-distance runners when expressed relative to body mass (P < 0.001, d = 1.18, 95% CI [0.68, 1.68]). At the intensities corresponding to VT(1) and VT(2), long-distance runners showed higher values for VO(2) expressed relative to body mass or %VO(2max), speed and oxygen cost of running (P < 0.05). When oxygen uptake was adjusted for body mass, differences between groups were consistent. Logistic binary regression analysis showed that VO(2max) (expressed as l · min(-1) and ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)), VO(2VT2) (expressed as ml · kg(-0.94) · min(-1)), and speed at VT(2) (v(VT2)) categorized long-distance runners. In addition, the multivariate model correctly classified 84.7% of the athletes. Thus, VO(2max), VO(2VT2), and v(VT2) discriminate between elite middle-distance and long-distance runners.  相似文献