Does maternal employment influence poor children’s social development?     

Bruce Fuller  Gretchen Caspary  Sharon Lynn Kagan  Christiane Gauthier  Danny Shih-Cheng Huang  Judith Carroll  Jan McCarthy 《Early childhood research quarterly》2002,17(4):240

Various initiatives over the past 40 years have aimed to strengthen children’s early learning and social development. One policy theory—manifest in recent welfare reforms—postulates that requiring single mothers to work more outside the home will advance children’s well-being. We first examine whether young children’s social development is related to maternal employment among 405 women who entered welfare-to-work programs in 1998. For girls, age 24–42 months, we found that their mother’s recent employment duration was significantly associated with a lower incidence of aggressive behavior and inattentiveness, measured by two scales from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 2/3). Yet these relationships with employment were weaker than more robust associations observed for proximal child-rearing practices, including the frequency of reading with the child, enforcing a regular bedtime, the propensity to spank the child, as well as levels of maternal depression. We then assess whether broader measures of the mother’s economic security help to predict these proximal determinants of development. We observed that food security and indicators of job quality consistently predicted the proximal factors. Structural equation models (SEM) provided additional evidence that these broader indicators of economic security, but not recent employment per se, operated through parenting practices and maternal depression to influence girls’ and boys’ social development. These results are consistent with recent findings from random-assignment experiments, showing that employment gains rarely affect child outcomes unless mothers’ income and broader economic security also improve.  相似文献   

Flavor-evaluative conditioning is unaffected by contingency knowledge during training with color-flavor compounds     

Dickinson A  Brown KJ 《Learning & behavior》2007,35(1):36-42

In two experiments, participants inspected and drank a series of drinks, half of which contained sugar and half unpalatable Tween20 (tween). Each sugar and tween drink had a particular flavor and color. Following this training, the flavors of the sugar drinks were assigned higher hedonic evaluations than were those of the tween drinks, even though the participants did not reliably report which flavors had been present in the sugar and tween drinks during training. Moreover, the evaluative conditioning of the flavors was unaffected by whether or not the colors alone had been pretrained to predict the presence of sugar or tween in the drinks. In accord with Baeyens, Eelen, van den Bergh, and Crombez (1990), we conclude that flavor-evaluative conditioning is not mediated by contingency learning.  相似文献   

Phonological processing and emergent literacy in younger and older preschool children     

Anthony JL  Williams JM  McDonald R  Francis DJ 《Annals of dyslexia》2007,57(2):113-137

Phonological awareness, phonological memory, and phonological access to lexical storage play important roles in acquiring literacy. We examined the convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of these phonological processing abilities (PPA) in 389 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the validity of each PPA as separate from general cognitive ability and separate from each other. Multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) with mean structure demonstrated that older preschoolers have better developed latent PPA than younger preschoolers but that the structure of PPA is equivalent. RAN was found uniquely associated with letter knowledge and text discrimination in younger preschoolers, and PA was found uniquely associated with word reading skills in older preschoolers. Finally, general cognitive ability was only indirectly associated with emergent literacy via PPA. These results highlight the importance of PPA in the early literacy development of English-speaking preschool children.  相似文献   

非形式逻辑及其早期历史发展     

安东尼·布莱尔 《中山大学学报论丛》2011,4(1)

"非形式逻辑"作为逻辑的子领域,最初出现于1970至1980年代的美国和加拿大,本文意在回顾非形式逻辑发展的早期历史进程.本文假定,当我们从历史的角度来考察时,非形式逻辑的本质能够得以阐明.因此,我将以观念史领域的评论作为出发点.之所以不从理论的要素谈起并把历史留给历史学家,其中一个理由在于"非形式逻辑"这个词并不指示一个理论.非形式逻辑部分地可看作是某个思潮,部分地可当作一种论证研究进路,部分地涉及到对逻辑之本质的看法,这些都可以通过考察非形式逻辑的发展史来加以理解.本文的第一部分追溯了非形式逻辑的兴起,概括了其思想史和社会史,并评述了其早期发展中的主要人物、教科书,以及主要的论旨及其社会化.第二部分简要描述了<逻辑的自我辩护>这本教科书中的一些革新.第三部分简要涉及非形式逻辑与其它领域的早期互动.  相似文献   

Undecidability and interpretation: metatheoretic distinctions in Western philosophy     

Shannon  Anthony G. 《Metascience》2020,29(1):163-166

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Success in Consulting     

Kathryn Sulloway Adams  Andrea Moore  Mary Rita Roux‐Zink  L. Michael Wykes  Lynn Kearny 《Performance Improvement》2015,54(9):12-18

Do you regularly reflect on the value you bring to your client? The act of reflection is something experienced consultants, both internal and external, consistently do in their practice. This article examines the ways in which Certified Performance Technologists (CPTs) define and recognize the success of their efforts, but most importantly, how they learn from engagements that do not always end with the desired outcome. You will hear from CPTs across several industries in their own words about what strategies they have employed to continue to improve their skill sets.  相似文献   

Kosher USA: How Coke Became Kosher and Other Tales of Modern Food Roger Horowitz. Columbia University Press, 2016.          下载免费PDF全文

Lynn M. Lansdown 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2017,40(3):284-285

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Encyclopedia of Global Industries     

Paul L. Anthony 《Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship》2013,18(4):521-524

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Helping young children to see what is relevant and why: supporting cognitive change in earth science using analogy     

Anthony Blake 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(15):1855-1873

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Heroes of Their Own Life Stories: Narrating the Female Self in the Feminist Age     

Lynn Abrams 《Cultural and Social History》2013,10(2):205-224

ABSTRACT

This article proposes a triple legacy of the expressive culture of the 1960s and 70s. Late twentieth century feminism, discourses of gender equality and the advent of modern confessional culture liberated women’s women’s voices, producing self-realising narratives and a shift in women’s facility to produce authentic ‘reflexive projects of the self’. Drawing on oral history interviews with women born in the 1940s in the United Kingdom, Australia and North America, a new concept for a distinct genre of women’s oral history narrative is advanced– the feminography – in which we hear women owning their voices and the stories those voices tell.  相似文献