Preventing Conduct Disorder: A study of parental behaviour management and support needs with children aged 3 to 5 years     

Ken Linfoot  Andrew J. Martin  Jennifer Stephenson 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1999,46(2):223-246

Managing antisocial behaviour in very young children presents many problems for parents, often leading to personal difficulties for them and the possible development of delinquency in their children as they grow older. This paper examines literature on the early onset of this behaviour and presents data from a sample of 265 parents of children enrolled in preschools or child care centres on their perceptions of their young children's behaviour and of their own support needs. Results suggest that most parents preferred informal sources of support on child management and that only minor behaviour management problems were experienced by most families in this sample. For those experiencing more aggressive behaviours in their children evidence was noted, among other things, of inconsistency in their use of management strategies, greater use of punishment and a lack of confidence, and a need for help with personal coping strategies. Implications for parent support programs are considered.  相似文献   

The role of the instructor in computer-based training     

Stanley D. Stephenson 《Performance Improvement》1992,31(7):23-26

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The inflammatory response to a wheelchair half-marathon in people with a spinal cord injury - the role of autonomic function     

Sven P. Hoekstra  Yoshi-Ichiro Kamijo  Tokio Kinoshita  Ben T. Stephenson  Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(15):1717-1724

This study investigates the relationship between autonomic function and the inflammatory response to a wheelchair half-marathon in people with a spinal cord injury (SCI). Seventeen wheelchair athletes with a cervical SCI (CSCI, N = 7) and without CSCI (NON-CSCI, N = 10) participated in a wheelchair half-marathon. Blood was taken prior, post and 1 h post-race to determine the concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, extracellular heat shock protein 72 (eHsp72) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). A sit-up tilt test was performed to assess autonomic function at rest. CSCI showed a lower supine ratio of the low and high frequency power of the variability in RR intervals (LF/HF RRI, p = 0.038), total and low frequency power of the systolic blood pressure variability (TP SBP, p < 0.001; LF SBP, p = 0.005) compared to NON-CSCI. Following the race, catecholamine concentrations increased only in NON-CSCI (p < 0.036). The increase in IL-6 post-race was larger in NON-CSCI (p = 0.040). Post-race catecholamine levels explained 60% of the variance in the IL-6 response (r = 0.77, p = 0.040), which was further increased when the resting autonomic function indices were added to the regression model (R² > 81%, p < 0.012). In summary, the dampened acute inflammatory response to a wheelchair half-marathon in CSCI was strongly associated with the autonomic dysfunction present in this group.  相似文献   

Using color and grayscale images to teach histology to color‐deficient medical students     

Lindsay R. Rubin  Wendy L. Lackey  Frances A. Kennedy  Robert B. Stephenson 《Anatomical sciences education》2009,2(2):84-88

Examination of histologic and histopathologic microscopic sections relies upon differential colors provided by staining techniques, such as hematoxylin and eosin, to delineate normal tissue components and to identify pathologic alterations in these components. Given the prevalence of color deficiency (commonly called “color blindness”) in the general population, it is likely that this reliance upon color differentiation poses a significant obstacle for several medical students beginning a course of study that includes examination of histologic slides. In the past, first‐year medical students at Michigan State University who identified themselves as color deficient were encouraged to use color transparency overlays or tinted contact lenses to filter out problematic colors. Recently, however, we have offered such students a computer monitor adjusted to grayscale for in‐lab work, as well as grayscale copies of color photomicrographs for examination purposes. Grayscale images emphasize the texture of tissues and the contrasts between tissues as the students learn histologic architecture. Using this approach, color‐deficient students have quickly learned to compensate for their deficiency by focusing on cell and tissue structure rather than on color variation. Based upon our experience with color‐deficient students, we believe that grayscale photomicrographs may also prove instructional for students with normal (trichromatic) color vision, by encouraging them to consider structural characteristics of cells and tissues that may otherwise be overshadowed by stain colors. Anat Sci Ed 2:84–88, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.  相似文献   

Beginning to read across languages varying in orthographic consistency: Comparing the effects of non-cognitive and cognitive predictors     

George Manolitsis  George Georgiou  Kathy Stephenson  Rauno Parrila 《Learning and Instruction》2009,19(6):466-480

We examined whether the effect that different non-cognitive and cognitive factors have on reading acquisition varies as a function of orthographic consistency. Canadian (n = 77) and Greek (n = 95) children attending kindergarten were examined on general cognitive ability, phonological sensitivity, and letter knowledge. The parents of the children responded to a questionnaire on home literacy activities and the teachers reported on children's task-focused behaviour. In Grades 1 and 2 the children's word decoding and reading fluency were assessed. Results indicated that direct teaching of letter names and sounds at home was associated with better letter knowledge in both languages. Task-focused behaviour and letter knowledge in kindergarten predicted significantly nonword decoding in Grade 1, but their effect was stronger in English than in Greek. This pattern was not replicated for reading fluency in Grade 2.  相似文献   

The measurement of classroom management self‐efficacy: a review of measurement instrument development and influences     

Sue Catherine O'Neill  Jennifer Stephenson 《教育心理学》2011,31(3):261-299

Teachers' self‐efficacy (SE) in their classroom management capabilities is thought to be an important factor in teachers' overall judgements of their teaching SE. Low SE in classroom management has been linked to teacher attrition and burnout, and reduced student learning outcomes. This article provides the first comprehensive review of classroom management as a factor in the construct of teacher SE. Twenty‐five peer‐reviewed articles published from 1984 to 2009 that reported on the use of SE scales containing at least one novel classroom management self‐efficacy (CMSE) item were reviewed. The validity and reliability of CMSE scales and items were found to be very good, with classroom management items pertaining to maintaining order and control the most frequent category included. Approximately one in four items in the SE scales reviewed was CMSE item, and, in general, CMSE items were not linked explicitly to classroom management research or contemporary psychological or philosophical approaches.  相似文献   

Academic Outcomes for Children Born Preterm: A Summary and Call for Research     

Milena?Keller-MargulisEmail author  Allison?Dempsey  Ashlie?Llorens 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2011,39(2):95-102

The developmental outcomes for children born preterm have been examined by many, with results unequivocally indicating that children born preterm tend to have poorer cognitive outcomes and more developmental difficulties. Less attention has been paid to academic outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to review the academic skills assessment of children born preterm, examine the methodologies used to ascertain skill deficits, and identify essential directions for future research. Overwhelmingly the results of studies of academic skills indicate that children born preterm function lower than their full term peers. The methodological flaws with existing studies that impede broad conclusions about specific skill deficits will be discussed. It is critical that future research examine the academic skill deficits contributing to disability status so that effective early intervention strategies may be developed and implemented.  相似文献   

Chapter 10 Self-Concept     

Robert W. Stephenson  Yvonne Treadwell 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(2):64-75

Alpha-numeric fonts have hitherto been designed with an aesthetic end in view. Acceptability for student reading material is achieved through statistically derived evaluations. Our tests show that optical spatial frequency spectra and cross correlation of font symbols can be quantitatively measured in the laboratory and that they provide a sound basis for differentiation among symbols. This enables the reader to note subtle differences between type fonts or within a given font. The method also allows the optical spectrum to be altered, and a modified or new letter to be constructed or restructured with improved character recognition for reading.  相似文献   

There's a monster in my house     

Brian Stephenson 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1992,20(2):40-40

Brian J. Stephenson writes fiction for and about young children, and he lives in Chicago, IL.  相似文献   

Ensuring Communication Research Makes a Difference     

Joann Keyton  Stephenson J. Beck  Amber S. Messersmith  Ryan S. Bisel 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2013,41(3):306-309

Rephrasing the forum question to “How can we ensure communication research has a positive effect on communication practice?” focuses on the present, points to a specific purpose for communication research, emphasizes the scope and type of difference to be made, and places accountability and responsibility on researchers. In general, the public has not found the expertise of communication scholars. The essay addresses ways to overcome this research to practice dilemma: establishing a common framework, complementing the top-down research approach with a practice-driven, bottom-up approach, and adjusting research and practice assumptions.  相似文献