Starting an NSPI chapter     

Brian Desautels 《Performance Improvement》1984,23(7):c1-c3

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Microbial dark matter coming to light: challenges and opportunities     

Jian-Yu Jiao  Lan Liu  Zheng-Shuang Hua  Bao-Zhu Fang  En-Min Zhou  Nimaichand Salam  Brian P Hedlund  Wen-Jun Li 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(3):7-11

Microbes are the most abundant and diverse cellular life forms on Earth and colonize a wide range of environmental niches.However,more than 99％of bac-terial and...  相似文献   

Suggestions for the delivery of psychological services in secondary schools     

Jack J. Kramer  Richard J. Nagle 《Psychology in the schools》1980,17(1):53-59

The present paper describes the past, current, and suggested future practices in the delivery of school psychological services at the high school level. Because high schools differ from elementary and middle schools (i.e., organizational structure, student characteristics and needs, etc.), school psychologists need to use different approaches in the delivery of services at the secondary level. It is proposed that school psychologists must become integrated into the total social system of the high school to be most effective. Methods for accomplishing this objective, including collaboration with other school personnel and utilization of community resources, are discussed.  相似文献   

Organizational politics and the training function     

Brian P. Murphy 《Performance Improvement》1982,21(8):19-20

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Trial-by-trial analysis or averaging: implications for electromyographic models of rapid limb control     

Sherwood DE  Enebo BA 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2007,78(4):307-317

The control of human limb movement has been the focus of research for more than a century. A major issue to emerge from this work is the manner in which the central nervous system regulates electromyographic (EMG) activity to produce movements that differ in distance, velocity, and movement time. However the different methods of analysis often used to analyze EMG data could result in different kinematic-EMG relationships. In this study, participants performed an elbow flexion task to one of five distance goals (between 5 degrees and 50 degrees) using three movement speeds. EMG data from the right elbow flexors were compared using a trial-by-trial analysis and one based on averaged data. Averaging across trials underestimated biceps EMG amplitude at all movement distances and speeds compared to a trial-by-trial analysis. Averaging overestimated EMG burst duration compared to the trial-by-trial analysis. Peak agonist EMG amplitude was positively related to distance and inversely related to movement time. Agonist EMG duration was constant for movement distances less than 30 degrees but increased in the 50 degrees condition. The results support the view that peak EMG amplitude and duration can be controlled independently, but EMG duration changes only for longer distance movements when additional force is required.  相似文献   

Social skills interventions across school settings: Case study reviews of students with mild disabilities     

Gregory K. Torrey  Stanley F. Vasa  John W. Maag  Jack J. Kramer 《Psychology in the schools》1992,29(3):248-255

This study investigates the efficacy of a social skills training program with seven mildly handicapped students across three school settings: regular classroom, special education resource room, and recess. It was found that social skills training generated improvement on both pre-post measures and behavior ratings. Improvements were maintained 2 weeks after treatment was discontinued for seven students. All students' performance generalized from resource room to regular classroom settings; only four students' performance generalized to the recess setting.  相似文献   

Multimethod behavioral treatment of long-term selective mutism     

T. Steuart Watson  Jack J. Kramer 《Psychology in the schools》1992,29(4):359-366

This single-subject, experimental research design examined the efficacy of treating severe, long-term selective mutism in a 9-year-old male using shaping, multiple re-inforcers, natural consequences, stimulus fading, and mild aversives. Different treatment regimens were implemented in the home and school environments. A multiple baseline design across settings with changing criterion was used to evaluate the home intervention, and an A-B-A design was used for the school intervention. The home intervention resulted in an increase in the number of verbalizations in each setting and prompted generalization to additional settings. The school intervention increased the number of people spoken to, but the results were not maintained at follow-up nor did they generalize outside of the training situation. Possible explanations for the discrepancy in maintenance and generalization data between the two programs are presented.  相似文献   

A Model for Peer Review in Instructional Design     

Carl Casey  Dwight Branvold  Brian Cargille 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》1996,9(3):32-51

Although many professions practice some type of formal peer review, similar support for increasing the quality and efficiency of instructional design products is largely informal. Most designers develop solutions in professional eommunilies-of-practice, but formal design methodologies ordained by many corporations and instructional design schools do not account for the strong influence these communities have on design decisions. This paper describes an instructional design review process that is modeled after a widely accepted practice among software developers in which peers offer feedback through “structured walkthroughs.” The instructional design review helps the practitioner develop stronger designs more quickly. provides a means to scaffold the novice designer in the vagaries of the workplace, and improves organizational memory. An artifact of a design review as well as guidelines and success factors are presented. The paper provides a summary of a formal peer review structure that has been developed and tested over the past three years at a major corporation.  相似文献   

美国世界一流大学经费支出研究及启示     

蓝文婷  王战军  Brian P. McCall 《复旦教育论坛》2021,19(1):105-112

本文运用固定效应模型,分析近十年美国公立世界一流大学的经费支出数据。研究发现:美国一流公立大学中教学科研经费是主要支出;经费总支出与一流大学的排名没有显著相关性,但部分经费支出对大学排名有显著影响。对于无医院服务支出的高校,公共服务支出与大学排名显著正相关;对于有医院服务支出的高校,辅助经营支出的增加有助于大学排名的提升,公共服务支出的影响却相反。因此,提高经费使用效率比增加总额更为重要。我国“双一流”建设高校应该革新经费支出配置理念,建立科学有效的经费配置体系,增大学校各类服务支出。  相似文献   

The effect of beetroot juice supplementation on repeat-sprint performance in hypoxia     

Georgina L. Kent  Brian Dawson  Lars R. McNaughton  Gregory R. Cox  Louise M. Burke  Peter Peeling 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(3):339-346

This investigation assessed the effect of dietary nitrate (NO₃^?) supplementation, in the form of beetroot juice (BR), on repeat-sprint performance in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia. 12 male team-sport athletes (age 22.3 ± 2.6 y, VO_2peak 53.1 ± 8.7 mL.kg^?1.min^?1) completed three exercise trials involving a 10 min submaximal warm-up and 4 sets of cycling repeat-sprint efforts (RSE; 9 × 4 s) at sea level (CON), or at 3000 m simulated altitude following acute supplementation (140 mL) with BR (HYP_BR; 13 mmol NO₃^?) or NO₃^–depleted BR placebo (HYP_PLA). Peak (PPO) and mean (MPO) power output, plus work decrement were recorded during the RSE task, while oxygen consumption (VO₂) was measured during the warm-up. There were no significant differences observed between HYP_BR and HYP_PLA for PPO or MPO; however, work decrement was reduced in the first RSE set in HYP_BR compared with HYP_PLA. There was a moderate effect for VO₂ to be lower following BR at the end of the 10 min warm-up (ES = 0.50 ± 0.51). Dietary NO₃^? may not improve repeat-sprint performance in hypoxia but may reduce VO₂ during submaximal exercise. Therefore, BR supplementation may be more effective for performance improvement during predominantly aerobic exercise.  相似文献