Title IX and Retaliation: The Impact of Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education on Higher Education     

Kerry Brian Melear 《Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education》2007,19(3-4):91-103

In 2005, the United States Supreme Court rendered a closely divided opinion that extends the protections against discrimination provided by Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 to include a private cause of action for retaliation in Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education. Therefore, “whistleblowers,” or employees who report allegedly discriminatory practices, can file suit against employers who retaliate against them on the basis of their complaints under the auspices of Title IX, which prohibits discrimination “on the basis of sex” by recipients of federal education funds. Unlike other federal anti-discrimination laws such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, retaliation is not expressly mentioned within the text of Title IX, and the Supreme Court reasoned that the broad language of the statute encompasses implied protections against retaliation, regardless of the gender of the employee who alleges retaliatory action. As a result of Jackson, the first generation of litigation against colleges and universities under this expanded standard has begun to navigate the federal courts. This article analyzes the Supreme Court’s opinion in Jackson and the related cases representing the first application of the retaliation standard articulated therein to colleges and universities. The article concludes with suggestions for insulation from liability associated with alleged retaliation claims against administrators and educational institutions.  相似文献   

On State SAT Research: A Response to Wainer     

Brian Powell  Lala Carr Steelman 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1987,24(1):84-89

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Call for Proposals 1999 Annual Meeting National Council on Measurement in Education     

André F. De  Champlain  Brian E. Clauser  Carole L. Perlman 《Educational Measurement》1998,17(2):32-36

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A prototype Semantic Web-based digital content exchange for schools in Singapore     

Paul Shabajee  Brian McBride  Damian Steer  Dave Reynolds 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2006,37(3):461-477

Singapore has many large and educationally valuable digital collections and is planning the development of many more. These digital collections contain historical, cultural and scientific multimedia objects, along with learning objects. At present, school teachers and pupils find it hard to locate many of these resources using traditional search engines. This paper describes a research investigation into the design and subsequent development of a prototype digital resource discovery portal (Digital Content Exchange) based on Semantic Web technologies, and explores some of the educational issues raised. The research project explored how the features of the Semantic Web might offer valuable additional educational benefits and affordances beyond that of those based on existing information retrieval technologies.  相似文献   

研究表明：视频游戏提高视力     

贾庆文 《海外英语》2009,(6):51-51

[1]视频游戏玩家或许会从消灭坏人的游戏中得到意想不到的好处——好的视力。玩“动作类”视频游戏会提高视觉能力，这对于像阅读和晚上驾驶汽车这样的任务来说至关重要，一项新的研究表明。  相似文献   

Ricochet: Confessions of a Gun Lobbyist by Richard Feldman     

Brian Anse Patrick 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2008,31(1):117-118

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Determinants of expected vs. actual match outcome: an examination of the German Bundesliga     

Tassilo von Hanau  Brian Philip Soebbing 《Soccer & Society》2015,16(1):63-75

Within society, there are many publications regarding expectations of firm performance. These include analysis, industry insiders and ranking service. Within sports, bookmakers provide betting odds that reflect the expected outcome of matches and are determined by several factors. The purpose of this study is to analyse the determinants of expected match outcome (i.e. betting odds) and compare them to those of actual match outcome. Data from the 2010/2011 season of the German Bundesliga (soccer) are made available that are combined with betting odds for each match. Regression results show that several factors, such as difference in standing between team and opponent, difference in competitions played, difference in points earned over the last five matches, differences in standing last season and home advantage significantly influence expected match outcome. On the contrary, actual match outcome is only determined by the latter two factors.  相似文献   

“Ah,I know why…”: children developing understandings through engaging with a picture book          下载免费PDF全文

Christine Braid  Brian Finch 《Literacy》2015,49(3):115-122

This article describes part of a study that explored the responses of nine‐ and ten‐year‐old children during a picturebook read aloud in a small group setting in a New Zealand classroom. The read aloud was interactive, where the participants were encouraged to respond to the book and to each other throughout the session. The authors created a framework for analysing the responses, adapting the model of Lawrence Sipe (2008) with its five categories of literary understanding, by expanding on the analytical category to enable a finer analysis of the responses. This article discusses the children's depth of thinking and the understandings they developed as they engaged with the read aloud. It also describes how the adapted framework allowed a closer analysis of these understandings, including the way the elements of art used in the illustrations contributed to the children's ideas. The findings suggest ways picturebooks can be used to promote children's thinking and how teachers can guide discussion about a complex text. Implications for use of the framework in further research are discussed.  相似文献   

The Grass Isn’t Always Greener: Perceptions of and Performance on Open-Note Exams     

Brian K. Sato  Wenliang He  Mark Warschauer  Pavan Kadandale 《CBE life sciences education》2015,14(2)

Undergraduate biology education is often viewed as being focused on memorization rather than development of students’ critical-thinking abilities. We speculated that open-note testing would be an easily implemented change that would emphasize higher-order thinking. As open-note testing is not commonly used in the biological sciences and the literature on its effects in biology education is sparse, we performed a comprehensive analysis of this intervention on a primary literature–based exam across three large-enrollment laboratory courses. Although students believed open-note testing would impact exam scores, we found no effect on performance, either overall or on questions of nearly all Bloom’s levels. Open-note testing also produced no advantage when examined under a variety of parameters, including research experience, grade point average, course grade, prior exposure to primary literature–focused laboratory courses, or gender. Interestingly, we did observe small differences in open- and closed-note exam performance and perception for students who experienced open-note exams for an entire quarter. This implies that student preparation or in-test behavior can be altered by exposure to open-note testing conditions in a single course and that ­increased experience may be necessary to truly understand the impact of this intervention.  相似文献   

Adolescents and Movie Ratings: Is Psychological Reactance a Theoretical Explanation for the Forbidden Fruit Effect?     

Kira A. Varava  Brian L. Quick 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2015,59(1):149-168

Adolescents were recruited to participate in an experiment to assess whether psychological reactance can provide a theoretical explanation for the forbidden fruit effect in the context of movie rating restrictions. In addition to examining if movie ratings served as antecedents to freedom threat perceptions, we investigated the role authoritarian parents had on freedom threat perception and reactance arousal. Results indicated that a movie with an NC-17 rating was perceived as a stronger freedom threat than R and PG-13 rated movies. Interestingly, adolescents who perceived their parents to be authoritarian were less likely to view movie ratings as a freedom threat. As expected, freedom threat perceptions were positively associated with psychological reactance. Reactance, in turn, was positively associated with both first and third person attitudes. The results are discussed with an emphasis on the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.  相似文献