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The genetic and environmental etiologies of diverse aspects of language ability and disability, including articulation, phonology, grammar, vocabulary, and verbal memory, were investigated in a U.K. sample of 787 pairs of 4.5-year-old same-sex and opposite-sex twins. Moderate genetic influence was found for all aspects of language in the normal range. A similar pattern was found at the low end of the distribution with the exception of two receptive measures. Environmental influence was mainly due to nonshared factors, unique to the individual, with little influence from shared environment for most measures. Genetic and environmental influences on language ability and disability are quantitatively and qualitatively similar for males and females. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether criminal thinking interacts with the rational requirements of human decision-making in a group of college students. A convenience sample of 315 undergraduates (114 males, 201 females) completed self-report measures of criminal thinking and estimated their likelihood of cheating on an exam given different levels of certainty of apprehension. A repeated-measures analysis of covariance revealed that students were significantly more likely to seize on the opportunity to cheat when the certainty of getting caught was 10% than when it was 50% and that students with higher levels of criminal thinking were more likely to take the opportunity to cheat than students with lower levels of criminal thinking. In addition, students exhibiting moderate proactive criminal thinking and moderate to high reactive criminal thinking were significantly less likely to be deterred from cheating when the odds of getting caught were low. 相似文献
116.
Rats were trained to leverpress for food and subsequently exposed to either arithmetic series or random variable-interval reinforcement schedules. Adjunctive drinking developed in all subjects exposed to arithmetic variable-interval reinforcement, but did not develop in six of the eight animals trained on the random schedule. The results suggest that adjunctive drinking is the result of an interaction between the tendency of rats to drink after eating and the ability of locally low probabilities of reinforcement within schedules to induce conditioned behavioral states. 相似文献
117.
In order to emphasize the development of skills in helping the culturally disadvantaged, graduate students were given practicum placement in a Department of Labor-financed agency which gave counseling and employment training to disadvantaged youth. Students attended staff meetings, interviewed staff members concerning the work they performed, and discussed client contacts with caseworkers, in addition to interviewing agency clients. Increased awareness of problems, broadened conceptualizations, and expansion of interpersonal skills were seen as advantages of the practicum. Limitations included some lack of goal clarity and inefficiency of time use in dealing with this clientele. 相似文献
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Help‐seeking (HS) students and non‐help‐seeking (NHS) students were compared on their perceptions of (a) their own level of mental health functioning and (b) the average level of mental health functioning of their (NHS or HS) peers. Results showed that NHS students' perceptions of HS students' self‐ratings were similar to HS students' self‐ratings of functioning but that HS students underestimated the level of functioning of their NHS peers. Implications of the findings for campus outreach and future research are discussed. 相似文献
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Dr. Robert P. Engvall Ph.D. 《The Urban Review》1995,27(3):251-261
In these times of tight budgets and political intoleance for taxation, public schools, particularly urban public schools,
will continually have to look for ways in which to spend less while dealing with ever-increasing societal problems. While
the ability of schools to improve the overal “product” with less resources is highly suspect, this article addresses one way
in which spending less might actually improve school perfomance.
The best planners in the best schools should be the administration, techers, students, parents, and the comminitu at large,
and not outside esxperts hired to improve a school's “comprehensive” or “strategic” plan. By forcing the segments of the public
that have the largest stake in the educational outcomes of schools to work together to plan for the future, schools will improve
the efficacy of their staffs, their students, and allow parents the self-satisfaction of playing an important role in their
children's education. An improtant side effect of such a method may be an increasing awareness by the public of the difficulties
that schools face, and perhaps a better understanding of the important need for higher expenditures.
His research interests include professionalism, collective bargaining, and educational reform. His articles have appeared
inPeople and Education, and a recent article has been aceepted for publication in theJournal of Collective Negotiations in the Public Sector. 相似文献