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101.
Brian Byrne Richard K. Olson Stefan Samuelsson Sally Wadsworth Robin Corley John C. DeFries Erik Willcutt 《Journal of Research in Reading》2006,29(1):33-49
Prereading and early reading skills of preschool twin children in Australia, Scandinavia and the United States were explored in a genetically sensitive design (max. N=627 preschool pairs and 422 kindergarten pairs). Analyses indicated a strong genetic influence on preschool phonological awareness, rapid naming and verbal memory. Print awareness, vocabulary and grammar/morphology were subject primarily to shared environment effects. There were significant genetic and shared environment correlations among the preschool traits. Kindergarten reading, phonological awareness and rapid naming were primarily affected by genes, and spelling was equally affected by genes and shared environment. Multivariate analyses revealed genetic and environmental overlap and independence among kindergarten variables. Longitudinal analyses showed genetic continuity as well as change in phonological awareness and rapid naming across the 2 years. Relations among the preschool variables of print awareness, phonological awareness and rapid naming and kindergarten reading were also explored in longitudinal analyses. Educational implications are discussed. 相似文献
102.
A case study was conducted on a group of undergraduate chemical engineering students to assess the relevance of attending lectures from a student perspective and to understand why these students attend and do not attend lectures with a view to developing approaches to teaching, which are of greater interest and benefit to student learning. The students were surveyed by means of a questionnaire-type survey, which collected both quantitative and qualitative data from them. The majority of students stated that lectures are still very beneficial to their learning and are not an out-of-date mode of education. The major reasons for lecture non-attendance were time priority and curriculum overload issues with other scholarly activities and poor quality teaching. The students provided a number of suggestions to improve lectures and lecture attendance, including the incorporation of active learning in lectures, linking lectures to assessment and adding extra value to what is already in the notes. 相似文献
103.
Katrina L. Grasby William L. Coventry Brian Byrne Richard K. Olson 《Child development》2019,90(2):623-637
Socioeconomic status (SES) has been found to moderate the influence of genes and the environment on cognitive ability, such that genetic influence is greater when SES is higher, and the shared environment is greater when SES is lower, but not in all Western countries. The effects of both family and school SES on the heritability of literacy and numeracy in Australian twins aged 8, 10, 12, and 14 years with 1,307, 1,235, 1,076, and 930 pairs at each age, respectively, were tested. Shared environmental influences on Grade 3 literacy were greater with low family SES, and no other moderating effects of SES were significant. These findings are contrasted with results from the United States and the United Kingdom. 相似文献
104.
Micaela E. Christopher Jacqueline Hulslander Brian Byrne Stefan Samuelsson Janice M. Keenan Bruce Pennington 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(5):350-368
We explored the etiology of individual differences in reading development from post-kindergarten to post–4th grade by analyzing data from 487 twin pairs tested in Colorado. Data from three reading measures and one spelling measure were fit to biometric latent growth curve models, allowing us to extend previous behavioral genetic studies of the etiology of early reading development at specific time points. We found primarily genetic influences on individual differences at post–1st grade for all measures. Genetic influences on variance in growth rates were also found, with evidence of small, nonsignificant, shared environmental influences for two measures. We discuss our results, including their implications for educational policy. 相似文献
105.
106.
With the emergence of neo‐conservative and neo‐liberal ideologies since the early eighties the formula “quality” has superseded continuously the leitmotif “equality of educational opportunities” in debates on education in most member states of OECD—initially as reaction against reforms in the secondary sector of education, then in higher education by focusing on economic and administrative aspects. Although the term “quality” has remained rather vague, it has dominated debates on education since the early nineties and some observers even speak of a “quality movement”. With a certain delay, the same applies to teacher education (TE) and one may hold the impression that TE has been surprised by discussions on “quality in/of TE” which focus on economic and administrative aspects—aspects suppressed in most systems of TE in the member states of the European Union (EU) so far. This article analyses the complex background of debates on “quality in TE” by focusing on sociological perspectives and arguments of the educational sciences. Then it defines problem areas of TE which seem to be in need of improvement. Thirdly, it discusses measures to deal with perceived problems by taking into account experiences in various European countries discussed on occasion of an all‐European seminar of experts supported by the Commission of the European Union. In dynamic societies even preserving the existing “quality” of education systems and TE calls for permanent improvement. If it is intended to increase the “quality” of TE, improvements seem to be indispensable both permanently and of a substantial nature. Based on existing strength of TE and on continuous evaluation, improvements and reforms will be necessary both in its curricula (e.g. aims contents, methodologies) and in its organisational as well as administrative areas. Research in TE as well as competencies of teacher educators will have to play crucial roles. It might become possible to deal with a suppressed theme more pro‐actively. 相似文献
107.
The relationship between student engagement with online content and achievement in a blended learning anatomy course 下载免费PDF全文
Rodney A. Green Laura Y. Whitburn Anita Zacharias Graeme Byrne Diane L. Hughes 《Anatomical sciences education》2018,11(5):471-477
Blended learning has become increasingly common in higher education. Recent findings suggest that blended learning achieves better student outcomes than traditional face‐to‐face teaching in gross anatomy courses. While face‐to‐face content is perceived as important to learning there is less evidence for the significance of online content in improving student outcomes. Students enrolled in a second‐year anatomy course from the physiotherapy (PT), exercise physiology (EP), and exercise science (ES) programs across two campuses were included (n = 500). A structural equation model was used to evaluate the relationship of prior student ability (represented by grade in prerequisite anatomy course) and final course grade and whether the relationship was mediated by program, campus or engagement with the online elements of the learning management system (LMS; proportion of documents and video segments viewed and number of interactions with discussion forums). PT students obtained higher grades and were more likely to engage with online course materials than EP and ES students. Prerequisite grade made a direct contribution to course final grade (P < 0.001) but was also mediated by engagement with LMS videos and discussion forums (P < 0.001). Student learning outcomes in a blended anatomy course can be predicted the by level of engagement with online content. Anat Sci Educ 11: 471–477. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
108.
Brian Byrne Cara Delaland Ruth Fielding-Barnsley Peter Quain Stefan Samuelsson Torleiv Høien Robin Corley John C. DeFries Sally Wadsworth Erik Willcutt Richard K. Olson 《Annals of dyslexia》2002,52(1):47-73
We have initiated parallel longitudinal studies in Australia (Byrne, PI), the United States (Olson, PI), and Norway (Samuelsson,
PI) of identical and fraternal twins who are being tested in preschool for prereading skills, and in kindergarten, first grade,
and second grade for the development of early reading, spelling, and related cognitive skills. Comparisons of the similarities
of identical and fraternal twins will reveal the relative influence of genetic, shared family environment, and nonshared environment
on individual differences at and across different stages of development. Family and twin-specific environmental information
is also being directly assessed through parent questionnaires and observations by testers. Most of the data collected so far
have been from preschool twins (146 in Australia, 284 in the United States, and 70 in Norway). Preliminary analyses for the
preschool cognitive measures showed reliable genetic influences on phonological awareness and several measures of memory and
learning. In contrast, vocabulary, grammar, and morphology showed significant shared environment and negligible genetic effects.
A print knowledge composite showed both genetic and shared environment influence. 相似文献
109.
Anne Byrne 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1994,40(6):455-468
Australia's programme of educational assistance to developing countries is devoted overwhelmingly to higher education, which accounts for over three quarters of the country's assistance to the educational sector. This article considers the rationale for this and shows that Australia's policy in this area is driven primarily by commercial considerations. The country's educational assistance to the Pacific Island Countries serves to illustrate this point. The author advocates increased assistance to programmes of basic education. She argues that a focus on basic education has greater relevance to developing countries, and that there is a need to rethink Australia's priorities in allocating educational assistance.
The views expressed in this article are those of the author rather than of any organization for which the author has worked. 相似文献
Zusammenfassung Australiens Programm über Bildungshilfen für Entwicklungsländer konzentriert sich im wesentlichen auf die höhere Bildung, für die mehr als drei Viertel der Hilfestellung des Landes auf dem Bildungssektor aufgewendet wird. Dieser Artikel untersucht die Gründe dafür und zeigt auf, daß Australiens Politik zu diesem Thema hauptsächlich von kommerziellen Interessen gesteuert wird. Hilfeleistungen für die pazifischen Inseln im Bildungsbereich verdeutlichen dieses Argument. Die Autorin befürwortet ein gesteigertes Interesse an Grundbildungsprogrammen. Sie argumentiert, daß eine Schwerpunktsetzung auf die Grundbildung für Entwicklungsländer von größerem Nutzen sei, und daß Australiens Prioritäten bei der Zuweisung von Bildungshilfen zu überdenken seien.
Résumé Le programme australien d'assistance pédagogique aux pays en voie de développement est réservé pour une part considérable à l'éducation supérieure, celleci représentant plus des trois quarts de la coopération pédagogique de ce pays. L'article en analyse la raison d'être et démontre que la politique australienne dans ce domaine est animée en premier lieu par des considérations commerciales, à l'appui de l'exemple fourni par l'assistance pédagogique dans les Iles du Pacifique. L'auteur plaide pour un soutien qui s'orienterait bien davantage sur les programmes d'éducation de base. Elle argumente que les pays en voie de développement ont un besoin primordial en éducation de base, et que l'Australie doit donc réviser ses priorités en matière de coopération pédagogique.
The views expressed in this article are those of the author rather than of any organization for which the author has worked. 相似文献
110.
Meg White Corine Meredith Brown Laurel L. Byrne Lorraine C. Ricchezza 《The Educational forum》2017,81(1):18-34
To be an effective urban educator requires teachers to understand the contextual factors of students, the school, and the community, and their cumulative effects on learning. Urban teacher academies support a better understanding of urban classrooms and challenge stereotypes of the urban context. The focus of this study was to compare participants' perceptions of urban settings before and after 2 weeks spent at an urban teacher academy for high school students. 相似文献