Sometimes It's Good to be Short: The Serotonin Transporter Gene,Positive Parenting,and Adolescent Depression     

Keriann Little  Craig A. Olsson  Sarah Whittle  Jacqui A. Macdonald  Lisa B. Sheeber  George J. Youssef  Julian G. Simmons  Ann V. Sanson  Debra L. Foley  Nicholas B. Allen 《Child development》2019,90(4):1061-1079

In threatening environments, the short (S) allele of 5-HTTLPR is proposed to augment risk for depression. However, it is unknown whether 5-HTTLPR variation increases risk for depression in environments of deprivation, lacking positive or nurturant features. Two independent longitudinal studies (n = 681 and 176, respectively) examined whether 5-HTTLPR moderated associations between low levels of positive parenting at 11–13 years and subsequent depression at 17–19 years. In both studies only LL homozygous adolescents were at greater risk for depression with decreasing levels of positive parenting. Thus, while the S allele has previously been identified as a susceptible genotype, these findings suggest that the L allele may also confer sensitivity to depression in the face of specific environmental challenges.  相似文献   

Sci‐Hub: The new and ultimate disruptor? View from the front     

David Nicholas  Chrifa Boukacem‐Zeghmouri  Jie Xu  Eti Herman  David Clark  Abdullah Abrizah  Blanca Rodríguez‐Bravo  Marzena wigo&#x; 《Learned Publishing》2019,32(2):147-153

The Harbinger project was a 3‐year‐long international study of the changing attitudes and behaviours of early career researchers (ECRs). One of the aims of the project was to discover if ECRs were adopting disrupting platforms that, legitimately or illegitimately, promote openness and sharing. It has been alleged that such an adoption appeals to them as Millennials. More than 100 ECRs from seven countries were questioned annually, and questions about Sc‐Hub were raised as part of discussions about discovery and access. Interview data were supplemented by desk research and Google Trends statistics. It was found that Sci‐Hub use was increasing and that a quarter of the ECRs now use it, with French ECRs being the biggest users. However, Sci‐Hub is making little headway with ECRs from the UK, USA, Malaysia, and China, although in China's case, this can be explained by it being banned and the country having its own equivalent, www.91lib.com . Sci‐Hub is used as much for convenience as necessity; use is not connected to the strength of library provision and and it has been suggested that it represents a bigger threat to publishers than ResearchGate, whose star might be waning.  相似文献   

Youthful Ideals of Older Adults: An Analysis of Children's Drawings     

Tom Robinson  Jessica Zurcher  Clark Callahan 《Educational gerontology》2015,41(6):440-450

Over the years, disparities have continued to emerge about what factors influence children's views of older adults. The purpose of this study was to gain further understanding regarding youthful ideals of aging through an analysis of children's drawings. After completing their drawings, the children were interviewed to provide a better understanding and to give clarity of the drawn images. The sample included 141 children ages 8–12 from different Boys and Girls Clubs of America across the United States. Overall, the children produced a generally positive image (84.8%) with most drawing a family member who was happy, healthy, active, and with positive physical characteristics. Significant differences were found between the genders as the girls drew more positive images than the boys; however, no significant differences existed between children from different races and ages.  相似文献   

主人,来玩!     

Craig Harper  Joyce 《英语辅导》2015,(4):24-27

狗狗的世界很简单,只要有得吃、有得玩、有主人的陪伴.它们就很幸福了。也许我们有时应该向它们学习学习、不要给自己那么大的压力,把自己搞得那么累,人生在世,当及时行乐才不枉走这一遭。现在一定是早上;我饿了。我听到有人洗澡的声音,感到阳光照在我的背上,所以我猜老大已经醒了。我把头伸到床边,朝走廊望去。我也想洗个澡。有时,我会想办法进去,但是他不会让我这样做的。真无趣。现在的早上他不像以前那么开心了,一切都变了。我想这都是因为压力。  相似文献   

Reliability of force per unit cross-sectional area measurements of the first dorsal interosseus muscle     

Daniel Martin  Simon Cooper  Craig Sale  Graham Compton 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(11):1159-1165

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of maximum voluntary isometric force (MVIF), cross-sectional area (CSA) and force per unit CSA measures, of the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle, using a custom-built dynamometer and ultrasonography. Twenty-seven participants completed MVIF and CSA measurements on two separate occasions under the same conditions. Reliability was determined using paired samples t-tests, systematic bias ratio and ratio limits of agreement (RLoA), intra-class correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV). MVIF of the FDI muscle (mean ± s; 31.8 ± 7.6 N and 31.6 ± 7.3 N) was not different between trials (P = 0.63); RLoA between trials were 1.00 ×/÷ 1.09, ICC = 0.990 and CV = 3.22%. CSA of the FDI muscle (22.6 ± 6.9 and 22.9 ± 6.9 mm²) was also not different between trials (P = 0.31); RLoA between trials were 0.98 ×/÷ 1.19, ICC = 0.979 and CV = 6.61%. Force per unit CSA was not different between trials (1.49 ± 0.43 and 1.46 ± 0.44 N·mm²; P = 0.18), RLoA were 1.02 ×/÷ 1.17, ICC = 0.985 and CV = 5.76%. The techniques used to determine MVIF and CSA of the FDI muscle were reliable and can be combined to calculate force per unit CSA.  相似文献   

Young Children's Comprehension of Temporal Relations in Complex Sentences: The Influence of Memory on Performance          下载免费PDF全文

Liam P. Blything  Robert Davies  Kate Cain 《Child development》2015,86(6):1922-1934

The present study investigated 3‐ to 7‐year‐olds' (N = 91) comprehension of two‐clause sentences containing the temporal connectives before or after. The youngest children used an order of mention strategy to interpret the relation between clauses: They were more accurate when the presentation order matched the chronological order of events: “He ate his lunch, before he played in the garden” (chronological) versus “Before he played in the garden, he ate his lunch” (reverse). Between 4 and 6 years, performance was influenced by a combination of factors that influenced processing load: connective type and presentation order. An independent measure of working memory was predictive of performance. The study concludes that the memory demands of some sentence structures limits young children's comprehension of sentences containing temporal connectives.  相似文献   

Contextualizing Gay‐Straight Alliances: Student,Advisor, and Structural Factors Related to Positive Youth Development Among Members          下载免费PDF全文

V. Paul Poteat  Hirokazu Yoshikawa  Jerel P. Calzo  Mary L. Gray  Craig D. DiGiovanni  Arthur Lipkin  Adrienne Mundy‐Shephard  Jeff Perrotti  Jillian R. Scheer  Matthew P. Shaw 《Child development》2015,86(1):176-193

Gay‐straight alliances (GSAs) may promote resilience. Yet, what GSA components predict well‐being? Among 146 youth and advisors in 13 GSAs (58% lesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning; 64% White; 38% received free/reduced‐cost lunch), student (demographics, victimization, attendance frequency, leadership, support, control), advisor (years served, training, control), and contextual factors (overall support or advocacy, outside support for the GSA) that predicted purpose, mastery, and self‐esteem were tested. In multilevel models, GSA support predicted all outcomes. Racial/ethnic minority youth reported greater well‐being, yet lower support. Youth in GSAs whose advisors served longer and perceived more control and were in more supportive school contexts reported healthier outcomes. GSA advocacy also predicted purpose. Ethnographic notes elucidated complex associations and variability as to how GSAs operated.  相似文献   

Developmental Trajectories of Acculturation: Links With Family Functioning and Mental Health in Recent‐Immigrant Hispanic Adolescents          下载免费PDF全文

Seth J. Schwartz  Jennifer B. Unger  Byron L. Zamboanga  David Córdova  Craig A. Mason  Shi Huang  Lourdes Baezconde‐Garbanati  Elma I. Lorenzo‐Blanco  Sabrina E. Des Rosiers  Daniel W. Soto  Juan A. Villamar  Monica Pattarroyo  Karina M. Lizzi  José Szapocznik 《Child development》2015,86(3):726-748

The present study was designed to examine acculturative changes, and their effects on mental health and family functioning, in recent‐immigrant Hispanic adolescents. A sample of 302 Hispanic adolescents was assessed five times over a 2½‐year period. Participants completed measures of Hispanic and U.S. practices, collectivist and individualist values, and ethnic and U.S. identity at each time point. Baseline and Time 5 levels of mental health and family functioning were also assessed. Latent class growth analyses produced two‐class solutions for practices, values, and identifications. Adolescents who increased over time in practices and values reported the most adaptive mental health and family functioning. Adolescents who did not change in any acculturation domain reported the least favorable mental health and family functioning.  相似文献   

Multitasking With Television Among Adolescents     

Claire G. Christensen  David Bickham  Craig S. Ross  Michael Rich 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2015,59(1):130-148

Using Ecological Momentary Assessment, we explored predictors of adolescents' television (TV) multitasking behaviors. We investigated whether demographic characteristics (age, gender, race/ethnicity, and maternal education) predict adolescents' likelihood of multitasking with TV. We also explored whether characteristics of the TV-multitasking moment (affect, TV genre, attention to people, and media multitasking) predict adolescents' likelihood of paying primary versus secondary attention to TV. Demographic characteristics do not predict TV multitasking. In TV-multitasking moments, primary attention to TV was more likely if adolescents experienced negative affect, watched a drama, or attended to people; it was less likely if they used computers or video games.  相似文献   

INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE     

Phillip G. Clark 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(7):3-7

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