Innovation in a Pre-Service Education Course     

Lee C. Cain  Sandra Tindol Franklin  Rosalyn Warren Wells  Kemp Mabry 《College Teaching》2013,61(2):151-153

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Longitudinal monitoring of power output and heart rate profiles in elite cyclists     

Alfred Nimmerichter  Roger G. Eston  Norbert Bachl  Craig Williams 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):831-839

Abstract

Power output and heart rate were monitored for 11 months in one female ([Vdot]O_2max: 71.5 mL · kg^?1 · min^?1) and ten male ([Vdot]O_2max: 66.5 ± 7.1 mL · kg^?1 · min^?1) cyclists using SRM power-meters to quantify power output and heart rate distributions in an attempt to assess exercise intensity and to relate training variables to performance. In total, 1802 data sets were divided into workout categories according to training goals, and power output and heart rate intensity zones were calculated. The ratio of mean power output to respiratory compensation point power output was calculated as an intensity factor for each training session and for each interval during the training sessions. Variability of power output was calculated as a coefficient of variation. There was no difference in the distribution of power output and heart rate for the total season (P = 0.15). Significant differences were observed during high-intensity workouts (P < 0.001). Performance improvements across the season were related to low-cadence strength workouts (P < 0.05). The intensity factor for intervals was related to performance (P < 0.01). The variability in power output was inversely associated with performance (P < 0.01). Better performance by cyclists was characterized by lower variability in power output and higher exercise intensities during intervals.  相似文献   

Delayed Visual Feedback While Learning to Track a Moving Target     

Heather Carnahan  Craig Hall  Timothy D. Lee 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):416-423

Abstract

Two studies investigated the effects of delayed visual feedback on manual tracking. In Experiment 1, individuals practiced with visual feedback provided either immediately (0 delay) or with a 333-ms delay. During acquisition, the 0 delay group performed with less error than the 333-ms delay group. A retention test with 0 delay feedback was performed with the least error by the 0 delay group. A transfer test using a different 0 delay tracking pattern, was performed with the least error by the 333-ms delay group. In Experiment 2, individuals practiced at six different delays. Error increased as training feedback delay increased. For retention there were no differences between the delay groups during the 0 delay retention. At a 417-ms retention, test error decreased as training feedback delay increased. Results indicate that error during acquisition does not necessarily impair learning and that feedback delays can be beneficial for learning.  相似文献   

The Effect of Knowledge of Results Delay and the Subjective Estimation of Movement Form on the Acquisition and Retention of a Motor Skill     

John Liu  Craig A. Wrisberg 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):145-151

Abstract

This study examined the effects of knowledge of results (KR) delay and subjective estimation of movement form on the acquisition and retention of a motor skill. During acquisition, four groups of participants performed 60 trials of a throwing accuracy task under the following conditions: (a) immediate KR, (b) delayed KR, (c) immediate KR + form estimation, and (d) delayed KR + form estimation. Retention tests of throwing accuracy and outcome error estimation in the absence of visual KR were administered 5 min and 24 hours following acquisition. Throwing accuracy was significantly higher during acquisition but significantly lower during retention for immediate-KR participants than for delayed-KR participants. However, participants who estimated their movement form during acquisition produced significantly higher throwing accuracy and lower estimation error during retention than those who did not.  相似文献   

The Visual Instruction System     

Janie E. Seat  Craig A. Wrisberg 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):106-108

Abstract

Three experimental groups of 45 S's each were given 30 repeated isometric wrist flexion trials. Each trial consisted of a maximal 5-sec. effort followed by a rest period of 5,10, or 20 sec. In each recuperation group S's were divided into subgroups representing high, middle, and low levels of absolute strength. The data were analyzed by an analysis of variance of trends allowing statistical tests for best fitting trend components and trend differences between subgroups. Low level of strength groups always demonstrated a fatigue pattern significantly different from high and middle levels. High and middle levels displayed similar patterns differing only on absolute level of strength. Caution isefore indicated in definition and magnitude assessment of derived curve components based upon composite fatigue curves secured on unknown levels of strength. It seems unlikely that the same factors responsible for muscular fatigue can be operating in the same manner at different levels of isometric strength.  相似文献   

Arousal and Anxiety Correlates of Gymnastic Performance     

Marilyn L. Basler  A. Craig Fisher  Nancy L. Mumford 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):586-589

Abstract

Arousal and anxiety correlates of gymnastic performance were investigated. Pulse rate and palmer sweating were utilized as indicants of arousal. Anxiety was assessed by means of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Eighteen members of the Ithaca College women's varsity gymnastic team were tested throughout the 1973–74 competitive se?son. The intercorrelation matrix of all variables—gymnastic ability, pulse rate, palmar sweating, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and gymnastic performance—revealed limited relationships between gymnastic performance and arousal/anxiety measures. As expected, gymnastic ability is the best correlate of gymnastic performance.  相似文献   

Small-sided games for young athletes: is game specificity influential?     

Craig B. Harrison 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):336-344

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Development of the children’s active play imagery questionnaire     

Lisa Cooke  Craig Hall  Danielle Tobin  Michelle Guerrero 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):860-869

Abstract

The purpose of the current study was to develop an instrument, the Children’s Active Play Imagery Questionnaire (CAPIQ), to assess imagery use during children’s (7–14 years) active play. Phase 1 involved an assessment of content validity using experts (N = 7), while Phase 2 assessed the factorial validity of the CAPIQ using a sample of children (N = 302). Phase 3 contributed to the factorial validity of the CAPIQ by utilising confirmatory factor analysis among an independent sample of children (N = 252). The final version of the CAPIQ consists of 11 items across three factors: fun, social and capability. Further use of the CAPIQ will aid in identifying types of imagery used among children (7–14 years) in their active play, which may contribute to physical activity interventions.  相似文献   

The relationship between physical abilities,ball-carrying and tackling among elite youth rugby league players     

Mark Waldron  Paul Ray Worsfold  Craig Twist  Kevin Lamb 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):542-549

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between the physical abilities of adolescent rugby league players and tackling and ball-carrying skills performed during matches, across three seasons (under-15 to under-17). The players were measured each season for acceleration (10–30 m), peak and mean speed (10–30 m), sprinting force (10–30 m), aerobic power, counter-movement jump (CMJ) height and jumping power. The matches were filmed and analysed for ball-carrying and tackling frequency per minute (successful and unsuccessful outcomes). There were strong relationships between successful carries?min^–1 and 10 m force in the under-15 (R = 0.61, P < 0.001), under-16 (R = 0.69, P < 0.001) and under-17 groups (R = 0.64, P < 0.001). There were also strong and moderate relationships between predicted vertical power and successful carries?min^–1 in the under-15 (R = 0.63, P = 0.011) and under-17 group (R = 0.40, P = 0.030), respectively. There were no relationships between carries or tackles and any other performance indicators. These findings suggest that acceleration, in accordance with gains in body mass, support ball-carrying but not tackling performance. Performance measurements, such as CMJ or aerobic power, do not support ball-carrying ability among youth rugby league players.  相似文献   

Subject Gender,Knowledge of Results,and Receptor Anticipation     

Craig A. Wrisberg  J. Herbert Paul  Michael R. Ragsdale 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):699-708

The effect of subject gender and knowledge of results (KR) on receptor anticipation (Poulton, 1957) was investigated. Twenty trials were given in which subjects (N = 80) attempted to time a preferred-hand button press response coincident with the lighting of the last of a series of runway lights illuminating in a pattern of apparent motion of 9 mph. Half of the subjects received quantitative KR after each trial and half performed without KR. Each group contained 20 males and 20 females. Mean absolute error, mean algebraic error, and variable error were calculated for each subject on the block of trials 2 to 5 and on the three subsequent 5-trial blocks. The dependent measures were then analyzed by means of separate 2 × 2 × 4 (Gender × KR × Blocks) ANOVAs with repeated measures on the last factor. The results indicated that the receptor anticipation of males was more accurate and less variable than that of females, and KR did not influence the accuracy of anticipations but was associated with higher intravariability. Sociocultural and physiological explanations for sex differences in receptor anticipation are discussed.  相似文献