Promoting the Autonomy of Another Person: The Difficult Case of the High School Dropout     

Carl G. Hedman 《Educational theory》1984,34(4):355-365

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Exploring whakaaro: A way of responsive thinking in Maori research     

Carl Mika  Kim Southey 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2018,50(8):795-803

Abstract

The experience of researching as a Māori student within academia will often raise questions about how and whether the student’s research privileges Māori world views and articulates culturally specific epistemologies. This study offers some theorising, from the perspectives of a Maori doctoral student and her Maori supervisor (the authors of this study), on the metaphysical nature of research for Maori. It emphasises that there is a space for speculative, creative and responsive thinking as a central method in the student’s doctoral research and describes how access to free thinking has been only partly recognised in currently dominant methods of research. We describe this approach as ‘whakaaro’, and note its relationship to language itself, to the researcher and the interviewee, and in particular to the researcher’s intuitive and largely unknowable response to what an interviewee utters. In that act, the student envisages that she will expansively hint at (but not pretend to grasp) the deep expression of the profoundly mysterious. Here, our thinking resonates with various Western and indigenous writings about research and adumbrates the potential of the whakaaro method without foreclosing against its various permutations.  相似文献   

The Systems Approach and Counselor Education: Basic Features and Implications1     

Carl E. Thoresen 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1969,9(1):3-17

Radical changes in contemporary society are altering the lives of individuals in pervasive ways. Counselors are typically oblivious to these revolutionary changes due, in part, to inadequate and outdated professional education. Counseling viewed as a complex of social-psychological processes — as an applied behavioral science — needs the powerful framework provided by a “systems approach.” A system is viewed as a structure which functions as a whole due to the interdependence of its parts. A systems approach in counselor education emphasizes how specific training components can be combined most effectively and efficiently to produce outcomes stated in terms of trainee behaviors (performance). Basic characteristics of a systems approach include: (a) behaviorally stated performance objectives; (b) careful attention to relation of components; (c) information flow and feedback mechanisms; and (d) man-machine combinations. Models such as flow charts and simulation techniques are also typically involved. A systems approach, it is argued, will encourage the asking of more relevant and answerable questions. Although it may be viewed by some as too scientific, mechanistic, or complicated, a systems perspective holds the promise of more effectively preparing counselors for contemporary clients.  相似文献   

Modeling Response Styles in Cross‐Country Self‐Reports: An Application of a Multilevel Multidimensional Nominal Response Model     

Unhee Ju  Carl F. Falk 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2019,56(1):169-191

We examined the feasibility and results of a multilevel multidimensional nominal response model (ML‐MNRM) for measuring both substantive constructs and extreme response style (ERS) across countries. The ML‐MNRM considers within‐country clustering while allowing overall item slopes to vary across items and examination of whether certain items were more prone to ERS. We applied this model to survey items from TALIS 2013. Results indicated that self‐efficacy items were more likely to trigger ERS compared to need for professional development, and the between‐country relationships among constructs can change due to ERS. Simulations assessed the estimation approach and found adequate recovery of model parameters and factor scores. We stress the importance of additional validity studies to improve the cross‐cultural comparability of substantive constructs.  相似文献   

The impact of adverse childhood experiences on an urban pediatric population     

Burke NJ  Hellman JL  Scott BG  Weems CF  Carrion VG 《Child abuse & neglect》2011,35(6):408-413

Objective

The goal of this study was to investigate the adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in youth in a low-income, urban community.

Study design

Data from a retrospective chart review of 701 subjects from the Bayview Child Health Center in San Francisco are presented. Medical chart documentation of ACEs as defined in previous studies were coded and each ACE criterion endorsed by a traumatic event received a score of 1 (range = 0-9). This study reports on the prevalence of various ACE categories in this population, as well as the association between ACE score and two pediatric problems: learning/behavior problems and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 85% (i.e., overweight or obese).

Results

The majority of subjects (67.2%, N = 471) had experienced 1 or more categories of adverse childhood experiences (ACE ≥ 1) and 12.0% (N = 84) had experienced 4 or more ACEs (ACE ≥ 4). Increased ACE scores correlated with increased risk of learning/behavior problems and obesity.

Conclusions

There was a significant prevalence of endorsed ACE categories in this urban population. Exposure to 4 or greater ACE categories was associated with increased risk for learning/behavior problems, as well as obesity.

Practice implications

Results from this study demonstrate the need both for screening of ACEs among youth in urban areas and for developing effective primary prevention and intervention models.  相似文献   

Forget EPSSs: How You Can Marshal Mobile Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and Spatial Awareness for Performance Improvement     

Diana R. Carl 《Performance Improvement》2016,55(10):6-16

Mobile geolocation applications identify global coordinates of mobile devices and can be enriched with performance‐context data. This technology has potential to integrate job aids, learning bursts, and parts of manuals with work tools (such as checklists) at the point of performance to better support individual and team performance. Emerging uses of mobile geolocation allow human performance technologists to move from generic electronic performance support systems (EPSSs) to spatial support systems. These increase the potential for performers to access more context‐aware information at the time and space in which the actions occur. Mobile geolocation can also automatically send data about the performance to enterprise databases so that actions taken and the use of training or job aids at the point of performance can be tracked. This article explores how mobile geolocation functionality can be orchestrated to support performance, enrich enterprise databases, and aid human performance technologists.  相似文献   

Effect of swim speed on leg-to-arm coordination in unilateral arm amputee front crawl swimmers     

Conor Osborough  Daniel Daly  Carl Payton 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(14):1523-1531

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of swimming speed on leg-to-arm coordination in competitive unilateral arm amputee front crawl swimmers. Thirteen well-trained swimmers were videotaped underwater during three 25-m front crawl trials (400 m, 100 m and 50 m pace). The number, duration and timing of leg kicks in relation to arm stroke phases were identified by video analysis. Within the group, a six-beat kick was predominantly used (n = 10) although some swimmers used a four-beat (n = 2) or eight-beat kick (n = 1). Swimming speed had no significant effect on the relative duration of arm stroke and leg kick phases. At all speeds, arm stroke phases were significantly different (P < 0.05) between the affected and unaffected sides. In contrast, the kicking phases of both legs were not different. Consequently, leg-to-arm coordination was asymmetrical. The instant when the leg kicks ended on the affected side corresponded with particular positions of the unaffected arm, but not with the same positions of the affected arm. In conclusion, the ability to dissociate the movements of the arms from the legs demonstrates that, because of their physical impairment, unilateral arm amputee swimmers functionally adapt their motor organisation to swim front crawl.  相似文献   

Potenzielle Einflussfaktoren auf Pacing im ausdauersportlichen Wettkampf     

Christian Thiel  Jos J. de Koning  Carl Foster 《Sportwissenschaft》2015,45(4):173-189

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A DEFENSE OF THE TRACK SYSTEM     

Carl F. Hansen 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(3):48-49

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Homeless Children: Are They Being Prepared for the Future?     

Carl A. Grant 《The Educational forum》2013,77(1):18-28

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