The elaboration theory of instruction: A model for sequencing and synthesizing instruction   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

Charles M. Reigeluth  M. David Merrill  Brent G. Wilson  Reginald T. Spiller 《Instructional Science》1980,9(3):195-219

This paper describes a novel instructional model for sequencing, syntheizing, and summarizing subject-matter content. The importance of such models is discussed, along with the need for a significant change in the role of subject-matter structure in instruction. A zoom-lens analogy is presented to facilitate an understanding of the elaboration model of instruction. Some basic concepts and principles upon which the model is based are described. The basic unvarying components of the elaboration model are described. And finally, some variations in the model for different kinds of goals are described. The elaboration model follows a general-to-detailed pattern of sequencing, as opposed to the hierarchically based sequences derived from Gagné-type task analyses.Many of the ideas described in this paper were developed under two projeets, one funded by Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, and the other by the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center in San Diego, California; however, the ideas expressed do not necessarily constitute the opinions of the funding institutions.  相似文献   

Emotional Intelligence and Education: A critical review     

Neil Humphrey  Andrew Curran  Elisabeth Morris  Peter Farrell  Kevin Woods 《教育心理学》2007,27(2):235-254

In recent years there has been an increased interest in the role of emotional intelligence in both the academic success of students and their emotional adjustment in school. However, promotion of emotional intelligence in schools has proven a controversial pursuit, challenging as it does traditional “rationalist” views of education. Furthermore, research findings in this area have been inconsistent at best. In this article we discuss the following key questions relating to this important debate. What do we mean by emotional “intelligence”? What impact would improved emotional intelligence have on learners’ emotional health and well‐being, academic achievement, and other adaptive outcomes? Can emotional intelligence be taught? It is felt that these are the key issues for consideration in developing policy, practice, and further research in this area.  相似文献   

Walsh Operational Matrices for Fractional Calculus and Their Application to Distributed Systems     

C.F. Cheng  Y.T. Tsay  T.T. Wu 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1977,303(3):267-284

The Walsh operational matrix for performing integration and solving state equations is generalized to fractional calculus for investigating distributed systems. A new set of orthogonal functions is derived from Walsh functions. By using the new functions, the generalized Walsh operational matrices corresponding to √s, √(s²+ 1), e^-s and e^-√s etc. are established. Several distributed parameter problems are solved by the new approach.  相似文献   

Incubator firm failure or graduation?: The role of university linkages     

Frank T. Rothaermel  Marie Thursby 《Research Policy》2005,34(7):1076-1090

One of the theoretically important factors for incubator firm performance is the strength of their linkages to the research university sponsoring the technology incubator. Herein, we focus on two types of university linkages to the sponsoring institution: a license obtained from the university and a link to university faculty, while controlling for incubator firm linkages to non-sponsoring research universities, among other factors. We propose that a university link to the sponsoring institution reduces the probability of new venture failure and, at the same time, retards timely graduation. Further, we suggest that these effects are more pronounced the stronger the university link. Due to the difficulty of obtaining fine-grained longitudinal data, the incubation literature is characterized by a dearth of studies focusing on incubator firm differential performance. We attempt to take a first step towards closing this gap by testing these hypotheses through following 79 start-up firms incubated in the Advanced Technology Development Center at the Georgia Institute of Technology over the 6-year period between 1998 and 2003. We find broad support for the hypotheses advanced.  相似文献   

Opening the ivory tower's door: An analysis of the determinants of the formation of U.S. university spin-off companies     

Albert N. Link  John T. Scott 《Research Policy》2005,34(7):1106-1112

This paper presents findings from an analysis of the determinants of the formation of university spin-off companies within the university's research park. We find that university spin-off companies are a greater proportion of the companies in older parks and in parks that are associated with richer university research environments. We also find that university spin-off companies are a larger proportion of companies in parks that are geographically closer to their university and in parks that have a biotechnology focus.  相似文献   

The deconstructed journal — a new model for academic publishing     

John W T Smith 《Learned Publishing》1999,12(2):79-91

The limitations of existing proposed and operational publishing models intended to replace the academic journal are briefly reviewed. Three ‘insights’ are described, the first is into the ‘means/end’ confusion of much current net-based publishing activity, the second is that it is the purpose, not the form, that is the important aspect of the traditional academic journal model, and the third is that satisfactory net-based publishing models need not contain a central publisher. From this new viewpoint is developed the Deconstructed Journal (DJ) model which it is suggested is a better model for network based academic publishing. It also solves some of the problems of the current model. Although the main focus of the DJ model is the replacement of the STM journal it has implications for all areas of academic journal publishing.  相似文献   

The Social Sensitivity of Preschoolers in Peer Conflicts: Do Children Act Differently with Different Peers?     

Mary T. Rourke  Robert H. Wozniak  Kimberly Wright Cassidy 《Early education and development》1999,10(2):209-227

This study sought to demonstrate that many aspects of preschoolers' peer conflict behavior are sensitive to the subtle change in social situation that occurs when a child plays with a different partner. Twenty-seven pairs of preschoolers were videotaped over four 15-minute play sessions; in the fourth session, half of the pairs played with a different partner, while half were with the same partner. Frequency and theme of conflicts, strategies used, frequency of yielding to partner, and percentage of conflicts solved were observed. Initiating and negotiating behavior in early sessions better predicted behavior in the fourth session for the same-partner (vs. change-partner) group, and thus emerged as behaviors sensitive to social context changes. Results indicate that preschoolers have a remarkably varied array of conflict behaviors and that much of their conflict behavior is sensitive to influences inherent to social interaction with a specific partner. Ways in which the apparent sophistication in young children's social understanding can inform developmental approaches to early childhood education as well as both preventative and therapeutic conflict resolution programs are discussed.  相似文献   

KDD, data mining, and the challenge for normative privacy   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Herman T. Tavani 《Ethics and Information Technology》1999,1(4):265-273

The present study examines certain challenges that KDD (Knowledge Discovery in Databases) in general and data mining in particular pose for normative privacy and public policy. In an earlier work (see Tavani, 1999), I argued that certain applications of data-mining technology involving the manipulation of personal data raise special privacy concerns. Whereas the main purpose of the earlier essay was to show what those specific privacy concerns are and to describe how exactly those concerns have been introduced by the use of certain KDD and data-mining techniques, the present study questions whether the use of those techniques necessarily violates the privacy of individuals. This question is considered vis-à-vis a recent theory of privacy advanced by James Moor (1997). The implications of that privacy theory for a data-mining policy are also considered.  相似文献   

Sport injury and illness: elite skiers describe their experiences.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T Bianco  S Malo  T Orlick 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1999,70(2):157-169

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The effect of temporal and informational constraints on one-handed catching performance.     

S Bennett  K Davids  T Craig 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1999,70(2):206-211

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