Responsibility Rolls Down: Public Libraries and the Social and Policy Obligations of Ensuring Access to E-government and Government Information     

Paul T. Jaeger  John Carlo Bertot 《Public Library Quarterly》2013,32(2):91-116

Access to government information has been considered an essential element of democracy since the foundation of the American republic. Over time, the amount of government information produced has increased significantly, and the rise of e-government has made access to online government information, communication, and services equally vital to participation in society and interaction with governments. However, the outlets of free public access to government information and e-government have constricted over time, leaving public libraries as one of the only free public Internet access points in most communities. As a result, public libraries serve as a social guarantor of access to and assistance with government information and e-government services. This article first discusses the historical evolution of the means of access to government information and changes over time in responsibilities in providing such access. After exploring the interrelationships between government information and e-government, the article then details the development of the role of public libraries as guarantors of e-government access. Finally, the article examines the impacts of policy on e-government access in libraries, leading to a set of recommendations and conclusions to support the vital library roles related to e-government.  相似文献   

Public Libraries and the Internet 2012: Key Findings,Recent Trends,and Future Challenges     

John Carlo Bertot  Ursula Gorham  Natalie Greene Taylor 《Public Library Quarterly》2013,32(4):303-325

Since 1994, 14 reliable national studies have provided longitudinal data revealing and analyzing trends in the public access computing, Internet access, and technology assistance and training that public libraries make available to the communities they serve. This article provides an overview of selected data from the 2012 study; examines major issues that have emerged from the data in the most recent studies; identifies key trends and changes in Internet-enabled services and resources provided by public libraries to their communities over the course of the 18 years of conducting the national surveys; and discusses selected future issues and challenges regarding public library Internet-enabled services.  相似文献   

From Bibliographic Models to Cataloging Rules: Remarks on FRBR,ICP, ISBD,and RDA and the Relationships Between Them     

Carlo Bianchini  Mauro Guerrini 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2013,51(2):105-124

This article discusses the changes that are occurring in the world of cataloging. It argues that these changes need to be coordinated. It also discusses the feature of current OPACs, FRBR, the Paris Principles and its proposed replacement (ICP), AACR2 and its proposed replacement (RDA), ISBD, and the relationships between and among these standards. It argues that the syntax of ISBD is an essential component of RDA and all future international and national cataloging codes.  相似文献   

Energy balance of locomotion with pedal-driven watercraft     

Paola Zamparo  Giuseppe Carignani  Luca Plaino  Barbara Sgalmuzzo  Carlo Capelli 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(1):75-81

Abstract

In this study, we examined the mechanics and energetics of locomotion with a paddle-wheel boat and a water bike. Power output ([Wdot] _tot) was measured directly on the water bike by means of an instrumented chain-ring. The simultaneous assessment of oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O₂) allowed the computation of the “overall” efficiency of locomotion (η _o = [Wdot] _tot / [Vdot]O₂). Mean η _o was 0.27 (s = 0.02), which was unaffected by the speed, and was assumed to be the same for the two boats as both are semi-recumbent bicycles. For the paddle-wheel boat, [Wdot] _tot was then obtained from η _o and measures of [Vdot]O₂. The power to overcome (passive) drag was calculated as [Wdot] _d = D · v (where D is the force measured by means of a load cell when towing the boats at given speeds). Propelling efficiency was calculated as η _p = [Wdot] _d / [Wdot] _tot, which was lower with the paddle-wheel boat (mean 0.35, s = 0.01) than with the water bike (mean 0.57, s = 0.01). The observed differences in η _p and [Wdot] _d explain why at the highest speed tested (～3 m · s^?1), the energy required to cover a unit distance with the water bike is similar to that required to move the paddle-wheel boat at 1.3 m · s^?1.  相似文献   

Relationships among field-test measures and physical match performance in elite-standard soccer referees     

Matthew Weston  Carlo Castagna  Werner Helsen  Franco Impellizzeri 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1177-1184

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which measures derived from the new FIFA referees’ fitness tests can be used to monitor a referee's match-related physical capacity. Match-analysis data were collected (Prozone®, Leeds, UK) from 17 soccer referees for 5.0 (s = 1.7) FA Premier League matches per referee during the first 4 months of the 2007–08 season. Physical match performance categories included total distance covered, high-intensity running distance (speed >5.5 m · s^?1), and sprinting distance (>7.0 m · s^?1). The two tests were a 6 × 40-m sprint test and a 150-m interval test. Heart rate demand was correlated with total match distance covered (r = ?0.70, P = 0.002) and high-intensity running (r = ?0.57, P = 0.018) in the interval test. The fastest 40-m sprint was related to total distance covered (r = ?0.69, P = 0.002), high-intensity running (r = ?0.76, P < 0.001), and sprinting distance (r = ?0.75, P = 0.001), while mean time for the 40-m sprints was related to total distance covered (r = ?0.70, P = 0.002), high-intensity running (r = ?0.77, P < 0.001), and sprinting distance (r = ?0.77, P < 0.001). The referees who recorded the best interval-test heart rate demand and fastest 40-m time produced the best physical match performances. However, only the sprint test and in particular the fastest 40-m time had appropriate construct validity for the physical assessment of soccer referees.  相似文献   

Do school‐level factors influence the educational benefits of digital technology? A critical analysis of teachers' perceptions     

Carlo Perrotta 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2013,44(2):314-327

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Universal service in a global networked environment: Selected issues and possible approaches     

John Carlo Bertot  Charles R. McClure  Kimberly A. Owens 《Government Information Quarterly》1999,16(4):309

This article provides an overview and summary of selected issues related to the development of universal service to networked information resources and services in a global networked environment. Complex issues have yet to be addressed regarding basic concerns such as defining the term “universal service” as it suggests a range of meanings and uses given different societal contexts. The model for universal service being developed in the United States offers some lessons and concerns for other nations attempting to promote universal service as a national policy. The article concludes with a number of recommendations that address selected policy issues related to universal service in a global networked environment.  相似文献   

The Relations of Children's Dispositional Prosocial Behavior to Emotionality, Regulation, and Social Functioning   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Nancy Eisenberg  Richard A. Fabes  Mariss Karbon  Bridget C. Murphy  Marek Wosinski  Lorena Polazzi  Gustavo Carlo  Candy Juhnke 《Child development》1996,67(3):974-992

The purpose of this study was to examine the relations of a measure of children's dispositional prosocial behavior (i.e., peer nominations) to individual differences in children's negative emotionality, regulation, and social functioning. Children with prosocial reputations tended to be high in constructive social skills (i.e., socially appropriate behavior and constructive coping) and attentional regulation, and low in negative emotionality. The relations of children's negative emotionality to prosocial reputation were moderated by level of dispositional attentional regulation. In addition, the relations of prosocial reputation to constructive social skills and parent-reported negative emotionality (for girls) increased with age. Vagal tone, a marker of physiological regulation, was negatively related to girls' prosocial reputation.  相似文献   

Deep learning goes to school: toward a relational understanding of AI in education     

Carlo Perrotta  Neil Selwyn 《Learning, Media and Technology》2020,45(3):251-269

ABSTRACT

In Applied AI, or ‘machine learning’, methods such as neural networks are used to train computers to perform tasks without human intervention. In this article, we question the applicability of these methods to education. In particular, we consider a case of recent attempts from data scientists to add AI elements to a handful of online learning environments, such as Khan Academy and the ASSISTments intelligent tutoring system. Drawing on Science and Technology Studies (STS), we provide a detailed examination of the scholarly work carried out by several data scientists around the use of ‘deep learning’ to predict aspects of educational performance. This approach draws attention to relations between various (problematic) units of analysis: flawed data, partially incomprehensible computational methods, narrow forms of educational’ knowledge baked into the online environments, and a reductionist discourse of data science with evident economic ramifications. These relations can be framed ethnographically as a ‘controversy’ that casts doubts on AI as an objective scientific endeavour, whilst illuminating the confusions, the disagreements and the economic interests that surround its implementations.  相似文献   

The influences of language of literacy instruction and vocabulary on the spelling of Spanish–English bilinguals     

Andrea Rolla San Francisco  Elaine Mo  María Carlo  Diane August  Catherine Snow 《Reading and writing》2006,19(6):627-642

The relation of language of instruction and vocabulary to the English spelling of bilingual first graders receiving either English or Spanish literacy instruction and of monolinguals in English literacy instruction was explored. Only bilingual students in Spanish literacy instruction (SLI) exhibited Spanish-influenced spelling, indicating a powerful effect of language of literacy instruction. SLI without English literacy instruction (ELI) may be a prerequisite for the appearance of Spanish influences in English spelling. Spanish-influenced spelling appears to be a normal developmental phenomenon only for those bilingual first graders who have received no ELI. The students in ELI, on average, wrote more orthographically plausible English pseudowords than students in SLI, indicating that the students in SLI simply had not yet learned conventional spelling patterns in English. In addition, children with good Spanish vocabulary showed more Spanish-influenced spelling, while English vocabulary predicted more orthographically plausible English spellings. The relationship between English vocabulary and English spelling was similar for children instructed in Spanish and English. English vocabulary and literacy instruction both made unique, positive contributions to English pseudoword␣spelling, while Spanish literacy instruction played a more important role than Spanish vocabulary in the production of Spanish-influenced spelling in English.  相似文献