The One and the Many: Enduring Legacies of Spearman and Thurstone on Intelligence Test Score Interpretation     

A. Alexander Beaujean  Nicholas F. Benson 《教育实用测度》2019,32(3):198-215

ABSTRACT

Charles Spearman and L. L. Thurstone were pioneers in the field of intelligence. They not only developed methods to assess and understand intelligence, but also developed theories about its structure and function. Methodologically, their approaches were not that distinct, but their theories of intelligence were philosophically very different – and this difference is still seen in modern approaches to intellectual assessment. In this article, we describe their theories of intelligence and then trace how these theories have influenced the development and use of intelligence instruments, paying particular attention to score interpretation.  相似文献   

Crusading in Frankish Greece: A Study of Byzantine–Western Relations and Attitudes, 1204–1282     

Nicholas Morton 《Al-Masaq: Islam & the Medieval Mediterranean》2014,26(3):323-325

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Occupy management! Inspirations and ideas for self-organization and self-management     

Nicholas Snowden 《Action Learning: Research and Practice》2015,12(1):112-115

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Tracing the ‘grey literature’ of poster presentations: a mapping review          下载免费PDF全文

Nicholas Rowe 《Health information and libraries journal》2017,34(2):106-124

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Depressive Stories for Children     

Nicholas Tucker 《Children‘s Literature in Education》2006,37(3):199-210

While stories with a depressing message are now common for teenagers, resistance to them remains where smaller children are concerned. But is this more a case of the publishers and providers concerned protecting their own particular image of childhood? This article looks at the case for books that also convey a sense of sadness to infants, starting with the stories of Hans Andersen and ending with some of the challenging picture books published more recently.  相似文献   

Early career researchers: Scholarly behaviour and the prospect of change          下载免费PDF全文

David Nicholas  Anthony Watkinson  Cherifa Boukacem‐Zeghmouri  Blanca Rodríguez‐Bravo  Jie Xu  Abdullah Abrizah  Marzena Świgoń  Eti Herman 《Learned Publishing》2017,30(2):157-166

Early career researchers (ECRs) are of great interest because they are the new (and biggest) wave of researchers. They merit long and detailed investigation, and towards this end, this overarching paper provides a summary of the first‐year findings of a 3‐year, longitudinal study of 116 science and social science ECRs who have published nearly 1,200 papers and come from 7 countries and 81 universities. ECRs were interviewed in their own languages face‐to‐face, by Skype, or telephone. The study focused on the attitudes and behaviours of ECRs with respect to scholarly communications and the extent to which they are adopting new and disruptive technologies, such as social media, online communities, and Open Science. The main findings include: publishing in high‐impact factor journals is the only reputational game in town; online scholarly communities, and ResearchGate in particular, are gaining ground; social media are beginning to have an impact, especially in the dissemination arena; outreach activities have become more important; libraries are becoming increasingly invisible to ECRs; Open Science is not gaining traction; and more transformational ideas are being expressed, especially in the US and UK.  相似文献   

The Importance of Effect Size Reporting in Communication Research Reports     

Nicholas David Bowman 《Communication Research Reports》2017,34(3):187-190

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Making on the Move: Mobility,Makerspaces, and Art Education     

Alvaro Jordan  Aaron D. Knochel  Nicholas Meisel  Kelsey Reiger  Swapnil Sinha 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2021,40(1):52-65

Combining the excitement from the maker movement and the novel creation of deployable makerspaces, we review the development of the Mobile Atelier for Kinaesthetic Education (MAKE) 3D. MAKE 3D is a mobile makerspace platform that can be deployed anywhere there is electricity to create a curricular spectacle of digital fabrication in particular additive manufacturing or what is more commonly referred to as 3D printing. Our project combines this notion of curricular spectacle and a mobile makerspace platform, to develop strategies in how to meet the novice user almost anywhere and to entice them into a series of hands‐on activities that would give them a range of knowledge and aptitude for additive techniques in digital fabrication. We review the component parts of our Material to Form curriculum and explore thematic connections between the maker movement and art education including STEAM and interdisciplinarity; design thinking and kinaesthetic learning; and place‐based education and the mobile platform. Informal practices in art education and the mobile makerspace advances forms of place and kinaesthetic learning. Similar curricular setups are therefore encouraged to reinforce and expand prior knowledge, broaden participation and provide an adaptable learning space for STEAM initiatives.  相似文献   

The effect of choice on motivation for young children on the autism spectrum during discrete trial teaching     

Ceri Elliott  Karola Dillenburger 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2016,16(3):187-198

Self‐determination and decision‐making are acknowledged internationally as key rights of persons with disabilities and should play an important role in the development of educational plans and procedures. Not only is the chance for individuals with developmental disabilities to select their own tasks, leisure activities or reinforcers a valuable way of enhancing rights‐based education and personal dignity, but choice‐making opportunities may also function as a useful clinical or educational tool if they actually improve the efficacy of programmes aimed at the acquisition of socially relevant behaviours and life skills or the reduction of challenging behaviours. The study reported here assessed whether or not choice affected effectiveness of an educational procedure for three children on the autism spectrum. Following a preference assessment, a number of discrete teaching trials were conducted with each child and, contingent upon targeted responses, either the child or the therapist selected one of three preferred reinforcer items. Reinforcer choice did not affect intervention effectiveness for two of the children; however, performance and motivation improved for the third child. Results re‐affirmed the importance of thorough preference assessments prior to intervention and showed that additional stimulus choice contingent on the target response may improve motivation and outcomes for some children.  相似文献   

Toddlers learn and flexibly apply multiple possibilities     

Mariel K. Goddu  J. Nicholas Sullivan  Caren M. Walker 《Child development》2021,92(6):2244-2251

The ability to consider multiple possibilities forms the basis for a wide variety of human-unique cognitive capacities. When does this skill develop? Previous studies have narrowly focused on children's ability to prepare for incompatible future outcomes. Here, we investigate this capacity in a causal learning context. Adults (N = 109) and 18- to 30-month olds (N = 104) observed evidence that was consistent with two hypotheses, each occupying a different level of abstraction (individual vs. relational causation). Results suggest that adults and toddlers identified multiple candidate causes for an effect, held these possibilities in mind, and flexibly applied the appropriate hypothesis to inform subsequent inferences. These findings challenge previous suggestions that the ability to consider multiple alternatives does not emerge until much later in development.  相似文献